{"id":67,"date":"2023-03-09T19:18:36","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T18:18:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/?page_id=67"},"modified":"2025-07-11T11:25:52","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T09:25:52","slug":"sonata","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/sonata\/","title":{"rendered":"NCN Sonata"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"67\" class=\"elementor elementor-67\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2075b6a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2075b6a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1f04de7\" data-id=\"1f04de7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f7ce7f elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f7ce7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.11.5 - 14-03-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Identifying genetic mechanisms regulating phenotypic variability of litter size in pigs<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e630c78 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e630c78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:1.5}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.11.5 - 14-03-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Project funded by National Science Center (Poland) under the grant agreement 2016\/23\/D\/NZ9\/00029<\/p>\t\n<p>Duration: 10.08.2017-9.02.2023<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41a7759 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41a7759\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;slideshow&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_gallery&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:106,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\\\/ewa-sell-kubiak\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/IMG-20230307-WA0007-1.jpg&quot;}],&quot;background_slideshow_loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_duration&quot;:5000,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_transition_duration&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-772b650 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"772b650\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:2}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06307b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"06307b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Summary <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4280718 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"4280718\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.11.5 - 14-03-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs-wrapper{width:25%;flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active{border-right-style:none}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after,.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{height:999em;width:0;right:0;border-right-style:solid}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{top:0;transform:translateY(-100%)}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after{top:100%}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title{display:table-cell}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active{border-bottom-style:none}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after,.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{bottom:0;height:0;width:999em;border-bottom-style:solid}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{right:100%}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after{left:100%}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-content,.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-title,.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-title:after,.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-title:before,.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper{border:1px #d4d4d4}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tabs{text-align:left}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tabs-wrapper{overflow:hidden}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-title{cursor:pointer;outline:var(--focus-outline,none)}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title{position:relative;padding:20px 25px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;border:solid transparent}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active{border-color:#d4d4d4}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after,.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{display:block;content:\"\";position:absolute}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title:focus-visible{border:1px solid #000}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-mobile-title{padding:10px;cursor:pointer}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-content{padding:20px;display:none}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-content,.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-title{border-style:solid solid none}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-wrapper{display:none}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper{border-bottom-style:solid}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-content{padding:10px}}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs{display:flex}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs-wrapper{flex-direction:column}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper{flex-grow:1;border-style:solid solid solid none}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-content{border-style:none solid solid}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-center .elementor-tabs-wrapper,.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-end .elementor-tabs-wrapper,.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-stretch .elementor-tabs-wrapper{display:flex}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-center .elementor-tabs-wrapper{justify-content:center}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-end .elementor-tabs-wrapper{justify-content:flex-end}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-stretch.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-title{width:100%}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-stretch.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-title{height:100%}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-mobile-title{display:none}}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6971\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Research project objectives<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6972\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Research project methodology<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6973\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Expected impact of the research project<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6971\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Research project objectives<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6971\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6971\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p><b>Research project objectives<\/b>\n<p>The overall objective of the project is to increase understanding of genetic mechanisms regulating phenotypic variability of litter size in pigs by searching for genes buffering environmental factors. It has been observed that not only the mean of traits is under genetic control, but also variation around that mean, which is called the \u201cphenotypic variability\u201d. Genes that can buffer hard to predict (e.g., diseases) or avoid (e.g., changes in temperature) environmental factors are highly desirable, as those genes control the variation of a trait and maintain it on expected level. Those genes can also give the indication why some animals perform on the same level despite changes in the environment, when others do not.<\/p> \n<p>The following detailed objectives of the project are described:<p>\n<ol>\n<li>To revise model for litter size and its phenotypic variability in order to understand the phenotypic and genetic background of variability in litter size within a sow in different parities.<\/li>\n<li>To verify previously found and detect new associations between the phenotypic variability of litter size and genotyped SNPs in pig genome.<\/li>\n<li>To identify additional genetic variants (insertions, deletions, duplications) in significant regions across population regulating phenotypic variability in litter size in pigs.<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6972\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Research project methodology<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6972\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6972\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><b>Research project methodology<\/b><\/p>\n\n<p>Objective 1 will be studied using the traditional animal model with the application of the polynomials to fit the parity curve and Reaction Norm model which is widely used to study the mean phenotypic response to the genotype by environment interaction. This will allow applying the function of Reaction Norm to litter size (performance) in different parities of sows (environments). The results of this step will be used as basis for revised model for analysis of phenotypic variability of litter size \u2013 the Double Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model (DHGLM). With this model the differences between the animals can be studied by analyzing the residual variance of the trait and estimating its genetic variance components.<\/p> \n<p>Objective 2 will be performed with application of the results from objective 1, as the DHGLM is needed to estimate the phenotypic variability of the litter size. Next the genome-wide association study (GWAS) will be performed using animals genotyped with high-density 660k SNPchip applying a multi-SNP approach using Bayesian Variable Selection method to detect new and confirm previously found regions associated with phenotypic variability of the litter size. \nObjective 3 will use the results of objective 2 to select animals and four genomic regions to be sequenced. The raw sequence reads will be aligned to the reference genome and subsequently scanned for variants compared to the reference genome using the pipelines available at Wageningen University. Sequenced animals will also be genotyped with the high density 660k SNP panel to ensure a better imputation of sequence variants to all animals genotyped in this study. This will also improve haplotype determination of sequenced animals. The significant SNPs in the selected regions will be detected using  FreeBayes v.1.0.2 or GATK. Next the detected variants will be filtered using VCFtools v.0.1.14 and SAMtools bcftools v.1.3.<\/p>   \n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6973\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Expected impact of the research project<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6973\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6973\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p><b>Expected impact of the research project on the development of science, civilization and society<\/b><\/p>\n\n<p>Litter size in pigs is a complex multi-factorial trait. It is affected by many physiological aspects of the animal\u2019s condition and its genetics. Until now only one study of Principal Investigator reported SNPs controlling the variability of this trait in pigs, but further research is needed to confirm causative mutations.<\/p>\n\n<p>Revising the statistical model applied so far to estimate the phenotypic variability of litter size will help to account for the curve of parity effect on reproductive performance of the sow. Addressing the background of variation between parities of the sow will enable to fully understand the genetic basis of litter size variability, as it will allow to account for variability between the sows and within the production lifetime of one animal. This project is the first one to propose such approach to study variability in sow performance. The statistical methodology developed in a course of this project and knowledge could be applied to other animal species.<\/p>\n\n<p>Increasing our understanding of genetic mechanisms regulating litter size and its phenotypic variability in pigs will facilitate knowledge on genetic architecture of those traits. Furthermore, detecting and confirming presence of genes associated with buffering environmental factors that are hard to avoid or predict will help us understand why some individuals are more susceptible to changes in the environment than others. This project is the first study aiming to detect and confirm presence of those genes in pigs. Such findings could be very important for the livestock production of the future, which needs to fulfill requirements of different production systems.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8530e19 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8530e19\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1026161\" data-id=\"1026161\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1578e41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1578e41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Main results<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6bdc700 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6bdc700\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0bc615\" data-id=\"b0bc615\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a39309 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a39309\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u201cParity curve\u201d<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd57884 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bd57884\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.11.5 - 14-03-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\" src=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1.-parity-curve-1024x730.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-241\" alt=\"parity curve\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1.-parity-curve-1024x730.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1.-parity-curve-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1.-parity-curve-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1.-parity-curve-1536x1096.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/1.-parity-curve.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8cf7d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8cf7d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage litter size (total number born) per parity in the Large White sows population with fitted polynomial trend line including its\u2019 equation and R2, and with genetic standard deviation (SD) estimated based on random regression model.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1df825c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1df825c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-865ce80\" data-id=\"865ce80\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e1f327 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e1f327\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Litter size variability in successive pregnancies is non-linear. In the case of primiparous sows, litters tend to be the least numerous, after the first pregnancy, reproductive performance gradually increases, peaking between the third and fifth litters, before starting to decline again. For this reason, the name &#8222;parity curve&#8221; was adopted for this relationship. In the classic animal model, successive pregnancies are considered as one of the fixed effects. In this way, differences between the average values of the number of sow piglets due to their age are corrected. Such analysis is aimed at fitting the averaged reproductive performance curve of sows in successive pregnancies, rather than understanding the underlying differences between litter sizes between sows. Therefore, in <b>Sell-Kubiak et al. (2019)<\/b> a model was used that allowed to include a &#8222;parity curve&#8221; in the analysis of litter size. Analogous to the milk yield analyzes of the cows, a third-order Legendre polynomial random regression model was used for the additive genetic effect and the sustainable environmental effect to fit the sow&#8217;s \u201cparity curve\u201d.<\/p>\n\n<p>This model was compared to a very simplified model with a &#8222;parity curve&#8221; as a fixed effect only. In the publication of Sell-Kubiak et al. (2019) indicated that when comparing the Akaike criterion for both models, it was determined that the random regression model with polynomials for random effects was better suited to litter size than the classic animal model. Studies have shown that both genetic variance and heritability increase with successive pregnancies, starting with the second pregnancy. Estimated genetic correlations indicate that the first pregnancy differs the most from pregnancies 7-10, while it is most similar to pregnancies 2 and 3. In general, the values of genetic and phenotypic correlations indicated a strong relationship between subsequent pregnancies. Moreover, the obtained genetic parameters &#8222;proved&#8221; the existence of significant genetic variability around the &#8222;parity curve&#8221;, which would suggest the possibility of further selection for this trait. Subsequent analyzes using the previously obtained variance components from the random regression model in the simulations of the breeding index showed that changing the shape of the &#8222;parity curve&#8221; is practically impossible or carries unfavorable consequences.<\/p>\n\n<p>First, selection to increase litter size in the first pregnancy would increase the size of all subsequent pregnancies, but would not affect the shape of the \u201cparity curve\u201d.\nSecond, selecting for more piglets in the first gestation while selecting for smaller litters in the fifth gestation, while reducing the differences between successive pregnancies, would also reduce the average litter size in the overall population. The above studies indicated that there is genetic variability around the \u201cparity curve\u201d of sows. However, it is not possible to assume in the breeding program that selection in the direction of changing the shape of this curve will make it possible to reduce the variation in litter size between successive pregnancies. This is due to the fact that there are very strong genetic and phenotypic relationships between individual pregnancies, which are very difficult to eliminate even when the litter size of one of the parities is selected.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc78a8d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc78a8d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ad10be4\" data-id=\"ad10be4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d161c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d161c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"Best model to estimate litter size variability\"<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db4f0e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"db4f0e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"301\" src=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2.-best-model-1024x301.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-261\" alt=\"best model\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2.-best-model-1024x301.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2.-best-model-300x88.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2.-best-model-768x226.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2.-best-model-1536x451.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2.-best-model-2048x602.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/2.-best-model.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f844cee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f844cee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tResidual plots (Predicted LnVar and Residuals) for estimates obtained from three variability phenotypes: LnVarBM, LnVarBMP and LnVarRRM\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-639d725 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"639d725\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bc8807f\" data-id=\"bc8807f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89dc50a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"89dc50a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe above research was continued with an analysis focusing on the comparison of changes in the residual variance and the phenotypes of litter size variability created using it (estimated on the basis of the natural logarithm of the residual variance, LnVar), taking into account the models proposed by Sell-Kubiak et al. (2019). In publication by <b>Dobrza\u0144ski et al. (2020)<\/b> the components of variance, heritability, genetic index of variation at the standard deviation level, genetic correlations between the obtained variability phenotypes, as well as between individual LnVar and the average litter size, were compared. All results indicated that the LnVar obtained from the three models are genetically identical traits with the same accuracy in assessing litter size diversity. This means that the litter variability phenotype is very stable and the complexity of the model to obtain it does not affect this trait.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d473cac elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d473cac\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b10a810\" data-id=\"b10a810\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3ade30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3ade30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"Real background of second litter syndrome\"<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bf41ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0bf41ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"8400\" height=\"7200\" src=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3.-secon-litter-syndrome.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-264\" alt=\"secon litter syndrome\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3.-secon-litter-syndrome.jpg 8400w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3.-secon-litter-syndrome-300x257.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3.-secon-litter-syndrome-1024x878.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3.-secon-litter-syndrome-768x658.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/3.-secon-litter-syndrome-1536x1317.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 8400px) 100vw, 8400px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e7cff8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e7cff8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAverage number of piglets born in the consecutive simulated parities. Dashed line represents averages for sows that had less piglets in the parity n+1 than in parity n, solid line is for the remaining sows. Letters a. to f. denote parity numbers in which the condition was checked \u2013 parity 2 to 7, respectively.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f943684 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f943684\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e44fa19\" data-id=\"e44fa19\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55a68a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"55a68a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Since litter size is an extremely important characteristic in pig production, any deviation from the expected mean value characteristic for a given pregnancy, i.e. the \u201cconsecutive litter curve\u201d, is of concern to farmers. One of these problems is the so-called second litter syndrome (SLS), which describes a situation where a sow in the second litter produces fewer piglets than in the first litter. The literature indicates a range of 20 to 60% of such cases in pig herds of various breeds. Considering the significant scale of the problem and its negative impact on the number of piglets obtained from young sows in a litter, research into the causes of this phenomenon has been conducted for many years. However, this work has primarily focused on factors related to the sow&#8217;s environment and condition, and never on the potential genetic basis.<\/p>\n\n<p>Research presented by <b>Sell-Kubiak et al. (2021)<\/b> showed that the only significant risk factors for SLS were farm-related factors (lactation length, farm specificity, and time of year of second farrowing). This means that the breeder has an influence on the higher frequency of SLS, and it is not a physiological problem of the animal itself. Although the research allowed to estimate the genetic component of two traits defining SLS (biSLS \u2013 binary trait, Range \u2013 continuous trait), and therefore heritability was also obtained for them (for biSLS it was 0.05, and for Range 0.03) , this is not evidence of a genetic basis for second litter syndrome. Estimated heritability is related to genetic variation around the &#8222;litter size curve&#8221; and should not be interpreted as the genetic basis of SLS, but as another means of comparing litter-to-sow variation. Further research based on simulations showed that the average expected frequency of SLS in all parities was 0.49 (\u00b10.05), while the observed frequency was 0.46 (\u00b10.04). What&#8217;s more, we can expect a smaller number of piglets in the next litter compared to the previous one with the same probability, because it results from the characteristics of the normal distribution.<\/p>\n\n<p>Assuming, according to empirical observations, that the size of the first litter is on average smaller than the size of the second litter, the chance of SLS occurrence is less than 50%. This is in line with my observations in the Great White sow population where SLS occurred at a rate of 30%. In addition, a comparison of the incidence of SLS on the 67 farms from which the sows used in my analyzes came, showed that only two of them had, on average, more piglets in the first litter than in the second. This again pointed to issues related to herd management rather than reproductive predisposition of the sows. The main conclusion of this work is to show that individual cases of SLS are caused by statistical properties of litter size, while at the farm level, the occurrence of SLS is probably due to management errors. Therefore, SLS should not be considered as a &#8222;syndrome&#8221; that should be specifically eliminated from herds. On the other hand, the breeder should monitor the cases of the second litter being smaller in relation to the first one and react with a change in management if their number increases alarmingly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5485d7a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5485d7a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1638991\" data-id=\"1638991\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-696bd45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"696bd45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"Consequences of further selection towards increased litter size\"<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20efd4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"20efd4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1405\" height=\"858\" src=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/4.-Consequences.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-265\" alt=\"Consequences\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/4.-Consequences.jpg 1405w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/4.-Consequences-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/4.-Consequences-1024x625.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/4.-Consequences-768x469.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1405px) 100vw, 1405px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c62c89e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c62c89e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEstimated breeding value (EBV) from univariate models for mean (mean) and maximum value (max) of reproduction traits (total number born \u2013 TNB, number born alive \u2013 NBA, litter birthweight \u2013 LW) and corresponding with them average ratio of stillborn piglets or level of variability of those traits (LnVar). A. EBV for maxTNB, maxNBA and maxLW with corresponding average ratio of stillborn piglets. B. EBV for meanTNB, meanNBA and meanLW with corresponding average ratio of stillborn piglets. C. EBV for maxTNB, maxNBA and maxLW with corresponding average LnVarTNB, LnVarNBA and LnVarLW. D. EBV for meanTNB, meanNBA and meanLW with corresponding average LnVarTNB, LnVarNBA and LnVarLW.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45e82d1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"45e82d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ce81df1\" data-id=\"ce81df1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be37dc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"be37dc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pig farming has reached a stage where litter size, birth weight and the balance between the two require a balanced approach to better care for the well-being of sows and piglets. What&#8217;s more, we also observe that with the increasing number of litters, pig farmers have considerable difficulties with rearing piglets. Therefore, in <b>Sell-Kubiak (2021)<\/b>, the characteristics related to the maximum litter size and weight were examined. The maximum value of the examined traits had a significantly higher heritability than the traits analyzed classically (i.e. taking into account every available observation) or the average of these values, e.g. numbers, which would suggest a faster response to selection. However, the maximum value traits carried a higher risk of stillborn piglets (although not for the maximum number of live-born piglets) and increased variability in all reproductive traits tested. Therefore, the use of maximum values in breeding programs should be carefully considered and should be considered as an assessment of the sow&#8217;s potential, rather than a parameter included in the breeding index. \n\n<p>Therefore, in the further part of the work, the maximum values of the features were not taken into account. Genetic correlations between the average values of reproductive traits and the corresponding variability traits ranged from 0.66 to 0.74, while the remaining correlations ranged from 0.33 to 0.99. Such high genetic correlations meant that in the simulations of selection indices, even with selection aimed solely at unifying reproductive traits, a very limited change should be expected due to the strong genetic and phenotypic relationship between the traits. Although from a genetic point of view selection aimed at increasing both litter size and birth weight is still possible, intensification of this selection by selecting &#8222;maximum values of traits&#8221; is not advisable. Moreover, for reasons of animal welfare and herd management, it would be much better to select a balance between the average values of reproductive traits and the diversity of litter size and weight, which can only be achieved through a very well-developed breeding program.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-edd6c14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"edd6c14\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e6df71e\" data-id=\"e6df71e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-603a16d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"603a16d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"Selection of the statistical method to analyze litter size variability\"<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fcefe3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9fcefe3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1615\" src=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/5.-Selection-of-methods.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-269\" alt=\"Selection of methods\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/5.-Selection-of-methods.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/5.-Selection-of-methods-300x252.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/5.-Selection-of-methods-1024x861.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/5.-Selection-of-methods-768x646.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/5.-Selection-of-methods-1536x1292.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/5.-Selection-of-methods-2048x1722.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1ddd29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1ddd29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGenome-wide association for phenotypic variability of litter size in Large White pigs based on (a) deregressed EBV of log-transformed residuals (LnVarTNB) for 11,230 genotyped purebred sows and boars, and (b) a double hierarchical generalized linear model (varTNB) for 12,232 genotyped purebred sows and boars. The dashed grey line on the figure indicates the significance threshold \u2013log10(P-value)\u22646.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cf76d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cf76d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22186fd\" data-id=\"22186fd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e34806 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e34806\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Based on phenotypic data used in <b>Sell-Kubiak et al. (2022a)<\/b> showed that a simpler method of determining the variance phenotype (natural logarithm of the residual variance &#8211; derived from a classical animal model &#8211; of all sow observations, LnVar) is less accurate than the more complicated Double Hierarchical Generalized Linear model Mixed model, DHGLM). This was confirmed by: lower correlation between breeding values obtained in 2021 and those from 2015 estimated on a smaller number of animals (0.73 for LnVar and 0.86 for DHGLM); lower accuracy of obtained breeding values; poorer accuracy in estimating breeding values for unobserved individuals. Interestingly, despite the differences between the two methods, a genome-wide association study identified the same region in the porcine genome as the most significant for both traits (Sell-Kubiak et al., 2022a). It was one SNP on chromosome 7 located in an intron important for regulatory reasons for the porcine genome in the so-called Genomic Evolutionary Rate Profiling (GERP).<\/p> \n\n<p>Potential candidate genes located within +\/- 50,000 base pairs from the most important SNP are: ADGRF1 responsible for the neurological development of the brain and ADGRF5 responsible for the proper functioning of the respiratory system and the formation of blood vessels. The use of much larger data resources in this study than in the 2015 paper confirmed that the most important region in controlling litter size variation is chromosome 7. The linkage between the SNPs identified in 2015 and now is 0.11. In view of the above, it can be concluded that both in research and breeding programs, DHGLM should be used to analyze the genetic diversity of the phenotype of traits, as it is a much more accurate method than the simpler method of determining these phenotypes. On the other hand, chromosome 7 in the pig genome remains unquestionably the most important region determining litter size variation.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-530aeea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"530aeea\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36bd093\" data-id=\"36bd093\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-705a2e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"705a2e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"Meta-analysis of SNPs related to reproductive traits\"<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2da49c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a2da49c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1127\" height=\"469\" src=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6.-Meta-analysis.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-270\" alt=\"Meta-analysis\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6.-Meta-analysis.jpg 1127w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6.-Meta-analysis-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6.-Meta-analysis-1024x426.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/6.-Meta-analysis-768x320.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1127px) 100vw, 1127px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-294b6af elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"294b6af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a2595f\" data-id=\"3a2595f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98f1551 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98f1551\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Sell-Kubiak et al. (2022b)<\/b> used data from previous studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with litter size to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis. Based on published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we know that there are at least 2,000 SNPs associated with pig litter size traits. The aim of the meta-analysis was to collect and integrate previously published associations between SNPs and five reproductive traits: total birth number (TNB), number of live births (NBA), number of stillborns (SB), birth weight of litter (LWT) and corpus luteum (CLN). ), to verify their common genetic background and perform a meta-analysis of the total number of births (TNB) GWAS from five GWAS studies for the TNB trait. Only 21 of the 233 candidate genes described in previous publications were identified in more than one population or for more than one trait. Based on these observations, the most interesting candidate gene was PRKD1, which is associated with SB and TNB traits.<\/b><\/p> \n\n<p>Based on a subsequent analysis using GO terms, it was shown that PRKD1 is also involved in angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the results of this part of the study showed how highly polygenic pig reproductive traits are and how few genes are pleiotropic. A meta-analysis of GWAS studies identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the porcine genome that had not previously been reported in other studies. One SNP was located on chromosome 14 in the intron of the FAM13C gene. The second SNP was located on chromosome 9 within the intron of the AGMO gene. Further functional analysis identified SOSTDC1 as a strong candidate gene, associated with reduced fertility in male rats. This is a very important result because litter traits are assumed to be associated with females, not males. Therefore, it is possible that boars have a much greater influence on the number of piglets born than we believe.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d0a6735 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d0a6735\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-edef03c\" data-id=\"edef03c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72844a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72844a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"Genomic and phenotypic characterization of litter size variability in Landrace pigs\"<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44dad5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"44dad5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1288\" height=\"446\" src=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/7.-Landrace.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-274\" alt=\"Landrace\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/7.-Landrace.jpg 1288w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/7.-Landrace-300x104.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/7.-Landrace-1024x355.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sparrow.up.poznan.pl\/ewa-sell-kubiak\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/7.-Landrace-768x266.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1288px) 100vw, 1288px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-80a83db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"80a83db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82b8300\" data-id=\"82b8300\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0669d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0669d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Subsequent studies aimed to assess the phenotypic and genomic background of litter size variability obtained from data before and after Box-Cox transformation <b>(Ciele\u0144 et al., in press).<\/b> Since the empirical distribution of the analyzed features showed significant skewness, it was decided to perform the Box-Cox transformation and obtain bcTNB. The phenotypic variation was then estimated as LnVar for both TNB and bcTNB. The heritability for TNB was 0.118 compared to 0.125 for bcTNB. In contrast, the heritability for LnVar_TNB was 0.0025 compared to 0.0037 for LnVar_bcTNB. The difference between TNB before and after transformation was also indicated in the genetic correlation between mean litter size and its variability changed from 0.38 (LnVar_TNB) to 0.63 (LnVar_bcTNB). Based on the GWAS, 14 SNPs for LnVar_TNB and eight for LnVar_bcTNB were detected, with two of them located at the most promising candidate genes.<\/p> \n\n<p>The first of them is a gene located on chromosome 3 &#8211; STAG3, which plays an important role in gametogenesis. The second gene on chromosome 10 is ESRRG, which affects the development of the placenta. Additional analysis of the GWAS results revealed another promising candidate gene located on chromosome 13, MFN1, involved in embryonic development. The results of this study showed a significant change in the components of variance for the variability when the Box-Cox transformation was applied to data showing skewness. Moreover, data transformation changed the phenotype enough that only part of the SNPs overlapped the two variability traits. Our research shows that it is necessary to perform a Box-Cox transformation on skewed data in order to properly estimate the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of the variation of the trait.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e9a6f2e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e9a6f2e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aeb3410\" data-id=\"aeb3410\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e412334 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e412334\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"Genomic and phenotypic characterization of litter size variability in Landrace pigs\"<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-810b566 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"810b566\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe last publication by <b>Derks et al. (in preparation, and conference abstracts)<\/b> concerned the creation of a reference genome for commercial pig breeds. Studies related to the genomics of this species are usually carried out by comparing the genomic information of the tested animals to a reference genome, e.g. Sus scrofa 11.1. However, despite its high quality, the fact that it is based on the Duroc genome may lead to errors in the interpretation of the results. Therefore, it is important to create a reference genome for other pig breeds. Based on the genome sequence obtained from nanopore sequencing technology, a reference genome was created for three breeds: Landrace, Great White, and the synthetic Topigs line. The obtained sequences allow for a unique evaluation of the structural variability of the genome for each of the tested breeds. It will also allow for a more accurate study of which regions of the genome affect the variability of pig litter size. What remains in the research plans related to the full implementation of objective 3 of this project.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-510d9c2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"510d9c2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c63c0e4\" data-id=\"c63c0e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-161ff52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"161ff52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Publications and conference proceedings<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ac0030 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ac0030\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Publications<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60c82fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60c82fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCiele\u0144, G., M.F.L. Derks, E.F. Knol, <b>E. Sell-Kubiak. 2023 \u2013 accepted.<\/b> The impact of Box-Cox transformation on phenotypic and genomic characteristics of litter size variability in Landrace pigs. <b>Animal.<\/b><br>\n\n<b>Sell-Kubiak, E.<\/b>, J. Dobrzanski, M. F. L. Derks, M. S. Lopes and T. Szwaczkowski. <b>2022<\/b>. Meta-Analysis of SNPs Determining Litter Traits in Pigs. <b>Genes<\/b>, 10(13):1730. doi: 10.3390\/genes13101730.<br>\n\n<b>Sell-Kubiak, E.<\/b>, E. F. Knol, M. S. Lopes. <b>2022<\/b>. Evaluation of phenotypic and genomic background of trait variability based on large-scale litter size data of Large White pigs. <b>Genetics Selection Evolution<\/b>, 54(1). doi: 10.1186\/s12711-021-00692-5.<br> \n\n<b>Sell-Kubiak, E.<\/b>, E. F. Knol, H. A. Mulder, M. Pszczo\u0142a. <b>2021<\/b>. Unraveling the actual background of second litter syndrome in pigs based on Large White data. <b>Animal<\/b>, 15(2):100033. doi: 10.1016\/j.animal.2020.100033.<br>\n\n<b>Sell-Kubiak, E<\/b>. 2021. Selection for litter size and litter birthweight in Large White pigs: maximum, mean and variability of reproduction traits. <b>Animal<\/b>, 15(10):100352. doi: 10.1016\/j.animal.2021.100352.<br>\n\nDobrza\u0144ski, J., H. A. Mulder, E. F. Knol, T. Szwaczkowski, and <b>E. Sell-Kubiak. 2020<\/b>. Estimation of litter size variability phenotypes in Large White sows. <b>Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics<\/b>, 137:559\u2013570. doi: 10.1111\/jbg.12465.<br>\n\n<b>Sell-Kubiak, E.<\/b>, E. F. Knol, H. A. Mulder. <b>2019<\/b>. Selecting for changes in average \u201cparity curve\u201d pattern of litter size in Large White pigs. <b>Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics<\/b>, 136(2): 134-148. doi: 10.1111\/jbg.12372.<br>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6289d7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6289d7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conferences proceedings<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-852639f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"852639f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<b>Sell-Kubiak, E.<\/b>, M.F.L. Derks, M.S. Lopes, J. Dobrza\u0144ski and T. Szwaczkowski. 2022. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for litter size in pigs indicates new causal variants. WCGALP, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.<br>\n\nCiele\u0144, G., E.F. Knol, M.S. Lopes, <b>E. Sell-Kubiak<\/b>. 2022. To Box-Cox or not to Box-Cox: phenotypic and genomic evaluation of litter size variability in Landrace pigs. WCGALP, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.<br>\n\nDerks, M., A. Boshove, B. Harlizius, <b>E. Sell-Kubiak<\/b>, M.S. Lopes, E. Grindflek, E. Knol, M.A.M. Groenen, A.B. Gjuvsland. 2022. A pan-genome of commercial pig breeds. WCGALP, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.<br>\n\n<b>Sell-Kubiak, E.<\/b>, E. F. Knol, H. A. Mulder, M. Pszczo\u0142a. 2021. Om\u00f3wienie pod\u0142o\u017ca syndromu drugiego miotu. LXXXV Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego, Olsztyn, Poland.<br>\n\n<b>Sell-Kubiak, E.<\/b>, E. F. Knol, M. S. Lopes. 2021. High-density genome-wide association for variability of litter size in pigs. Book of Abstracts of the EAAP, Davos, Switzerland.<br>\n\nDerks, M. F. L., B. Harlizius, M. van Son, <b>E. Sell-Kubiak<\/b>, M. S. Lopes, E. Grindflek, E. F. Knol, A. B. Gjuvsland. 2021. A pangenome of commercial pig breeds. Proceedings of the 38th International Society for Animal Genetics Virtual Conference (ISAG).<br>\n\n<b>Sell-Kubiak, E.<\/b>, E. F. Knol. 2020. \u201cMaximum vs. Optimum\u201d: litter size and birthweight in pigs. Book of Abstracts of the EAAP Virtual Meeting.<br>\n\nDobrza\u0144ski, J., H. A. Mulder, E. F. Knol, T. Szwaczkowski, <b>E. Sell-Kubiak<\/b>. 2019. Different models for estimation of litter size variability phenotypes. Book of Abstracts of the EAAP, Ghent, Belgium.<br>\n\nPszczo\u0142a, M., E. F. Knol, H. A. Mulder, <b>E. Sell-Kubiak<\/b>. 2019. Verifying the existence of second litter syndrome in pigs. Book of Abstracts of the EAAP, Ghent, Belgium.<br>\n\nDobrza\u0144ski, J., H. A. Mulder, E. F. Knol, T. Szwaczkowski, <b>E. Sell-Kubiak<\/b>. 2018. Applying Different Models to Estimate Litter Size Variability in Large White Sows. Book of abstracts XXVIII Genetic Days, \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice, Czech Republic.<br>\n\n<b>Sell-Kubiak, E.<\/b>, E. F. Knol, H. A. Mulder. 2018. The genetic background of second litter syndrome in pigs. Book of Abstracts of the EAAP, Dubrovnik, Croatia.<br>\n\nSell-Kubiak, E. 2018. Genetic background of litter size variability in pigs. 1st Conference Animal Genetic and Genomics, Olsztyn, Poland. <b>(invited speaker)<\/b><br>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a01867f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a01867f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0be1484\" data-id=\"0be1484\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0ae74b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f0ae74b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scientific titles<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86c99ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86c99ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Habilitation \u2013 Ewa Sell-Kubiak, 23.09.2022<p>\n<p>\u201cIdentyfikacja genetycznych mechanizm\u00f3w kontroluj\u0105cych zmienno\u015b\u0107 fenotypow\u0105 liczebno\u015b\u0107 miotu \u015bwi\u0144\u201d<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c93fe4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c93fe4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>MSC \u2013 Gabriela Ciele\u0144, 30.06.2022<\/p>\n<p>\u201cGenome-wide association study for litter size variability in Landrace pigs\u201d<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ef2c2a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ef2c2a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9839b2c\" data-id=\"9839b2c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-025b1a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"025b1a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Non-scientific publications and interviews<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ec9d3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ec9d3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Sell-Kubiak, E<\/b>. 2021. Mo\u017cliwe ograniczenia p\u0142yn\u0105ce z selekcji w kierunku maksymalizacji liczebno\u015bci i masy miotu. Trzoda chlewna 11:22-25.<\/p>\n\n<p><b>Sell-Kubiak, E<\/b>. 2021. Czy syndrom drugiego miotu faktycznie istnieje? Trzoda chlewna 2:18-19<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fea1889 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fea1889\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wywiady dla Polskiej Agencji Prasowej:<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8db9154 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8db9154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>Naukowcy wespr\u0105 hodowc\u00f3w \u015bwi\u0144 &#8211; opublikowany 24.05.2018 r.\n<a href=\"http:\/\/scienceinpoland.pap.pl\/aktualnosci\/news%2C29584%2Cnaukowcy-wespra-hodowcow-swin.html\">scienceinpoland.pap.pl<\/a>\n\n<li>Badacze doskonal\u0105 hodowl\u0119 zwierz\u0105t gospodarskich \u2013 opublikowany 24.08.2016 r.\n<a href=\"http:\/\/naukawpolsce.pap.pl\/aktualnosci\/news,410915,badacze-doskonala-hodowle-zwierzat-gospodarskich.html\">naukawpolsce.pap.pl<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Identifying genetic mechanisms regulating phenotypic variability of litter size in pigs Project funded by National Science Center (Poland) under the grant agreement 2016\/23\/D\/NZ9\/00029 Duration: 10.08.2017-9.02.2023 Summary Research project objectives Research project methodology Expected impact of the research project Research project objectives Research project objectives The overall objective of the project is to increase understanding of&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"hide","_kad_post_layout":"fullwidth","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"unboxed","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"hide","_kad_post_feature":"hide","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.7 - 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