Nr 10, 2007 - Polskie Towarzystwo Łąkarskie

Autor	Tytuł pracy	Pełny tekst
J. Barszczewski	Ocena skutków środowiskowych zmian rodzaju użytkowania gruntów na przykładzie wybranych pól w gospodarstwie rolnym The estimation of environmental changes of land utilization on example chosen fields on the agricultural farm Abstract.The studies were carried out on three fields: A – after alfalfa plough, B – field in third and fourth year of course of alfalfa growing, C – on permanent meadow. The studies shown differentiation in the range of content of mineral forms nitrogen, phosphorus and soil pH. Progressive changes in utilization structure, leading to increase of alfalfa growing, after its plough in order to get better quality of fodder, caused increase of studied nutrients. There also was noticed pH decrease, mostly in higher soil layers with large share of roots mass, indicating on significant mineralization of organic matter and nitrogen transformation caused the acceleration of soil acidification. Large amount mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, not only in upper soil layers especially after alfalfa plough, testify that plough makes process of nitrogen and phosphorus liberation and displaced in soil profile more intensive, what caused soil and water pollution. Large stability of nutrient contents in particular points of permanent meadow show its protective functions. Concentrations of particular nutrients in ground water from field after alfalfa plough let classify water to III or IV class of underground water. Much less concentrations were noticed in ground waters from remaining fields, show on III or even II class of its quality.
H. Czyż, T. Kitczak, A. Stelmaszyk	Wartość paszowa, przyrodnicza i energetyczna polderowych użytków zielonych wyłączonych z działalności rolniczej Fodder, natural and energy value of polder grasslands excluded from agricultural use Abstract. Communities of Phragmites australis, Glyceria maxima, Carex gracilis, Phalaris arundinacea and Alopecurus pratensis with Festuca rubra, which were included to researches, are the most popular on habitat conditions of West Pomeranian grasslands. The aim of the study was definition of relations between floristic character of communities and their fodder, natural and energy values. Community of Phalaris arundinacea distinguished as the best of fodder value, communities of Glyceria maxima and Carex gracilis – as the best of natural values. Energy value of communities was comparable.
A. Dradrach, D. Gąbka, J. Szlachta, K. Wolski	Wartość energetyczna kilku gatunków traw uprawianych na glebie lekkiej Energy value of several grass species cultivated on light soil Abstract. In the research performed, the yield of dry mass of individual grass species, the energy value and ash content were determined. The most valuable species for energy crops turned out to be plants of the C4 photosynthetic type. Those species were characterized with high yield at limited fertilization and supply with rain and ground water. The fuel value of 1 kg of such biomass amounts to 10-20 MJ. The research has also shown a smaller ash content in the biomass of those grass species, compared with the perennial, native grasses of type C₃ type Phalaris arundinacea L. or Dactylis glomerata L.
P. Goliński, W. Spychalski, B. Golińska, D. Kroehnke	Właściwości chemiczne i biologiczne trawa produkcja biogazu Chemical and biological properties of grasses and biogas production Abstract. The objective of this research project was to determine grass biological and chemical properties from the point of view of their suitability for biogas production. On the basis of a thorough review of both domestic and foreign literature on the subject as well as our own experiments on yields and chemical composition of some selected grasses cultivated at the Szelejewo Plant Breeding Station Ltd., the authors determined the usefulness of these grasses for biogas production and their properties affecting energy production efficiency in biogas facilities. In addition, a model assessment of the conversion of grass into biogas in comparison with milk production from the economical point of view was carried out. It was found that grass dry matter yield and their chemical composition exerted the strongest impact on such assessment.
P. Goliński, W. Jokś	*Wpływ odmiany hodowlanej Trifolium repens* L. na skład mineralny runi mieszanki trawiasto-motylkowatej** Effect of Trifolium repens L. cultivars on sward mineral composition of grass-legume mixture Abstract. In 2003-2004 an experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of selected cultivars of Trifolium repens used in the grass-legume mixture with meadow fescue and perennial ryegrass on the mineral composition of the sward. The following five Polish cultivars of white clover were analysed: Astra, Aura, Dara, Rawo, Romena as well as three breeding strains: ABM 9 BD (NL), AND 1602 (PL), WOM 302 (PL). In samples of plant material the selected mineral components (Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) were analysed. It turned out, that the Trifolium repens cultivar used in the mixture with the meadow fescue and perennial ryegrass affects the variability of the mineral constituents of the grass-legume sward. With regard to mineral components found in the grass-legume sward, the strongest positive impact of the Trifolium repens cultivar was determined in relation to calcium, magnesium and zinc.
W. Harkot, M. Warda, J. Sawicki, H. Lipińska, T. Wyłupek, Z. Czarnecki, M. Kulik	Możliwości wykorzystania runi łąkowej do celów energetycznych The possibility of meadow sward use for energy purposes Abstract. Recently, considerable areas of grassland have been receiving various direct farm subsidies. As a result of the implementation of the Agri-Environment Scheme, especially packages for extensive meadow and pasture utilization, the obtained biomass is low-quality fodder, which requires finding other uses for it. Using meadow sward for energy purposes is one of the possible options. Initial research in this respect was conducted in 2006 and 2007 on grasslands of south-eastern Poland and they indicated that meadow plants can be used for energy purposes. The added advantage of the plant material under study is that it is environment-friendly and renewable.
P. Kacorzyk	Zmiany składu botanicznego runi łąki górskiej oraz wielkości plonu suchej masy i białka ogólnego jako rezultat nawożenia obornikiem owczym Changes in species composition of mountain grassland and dry matter and crude protein production resulting from sheep manure fertilisation Abstract. The study was conducted in the years 2001-2003 on the mountain meadow of red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) type. The aim of the investigation was to compare the potential of sheep’s manure with mineral fertilization. After three years of research significant grass species losses in the sward yield were observed to the advantage of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and other dicotyledonous plants for all fertilized meadows except the one with full mineral fertilization. Productivity of fertilization components provided with manure (per 1 kg PKN) amounted to 13.7 kg of dry matter and 2.0 kg of protein and was lower than productivity of the components provided with mineral fertilizers by 42% and 29%, respectively.
P. Kacorzyk	Implikacje stosowania owczego obornika na łące górskiej w sferze składu mineralnego jej runi Implications of sheep manure used on mountain meadows for mineral content in grass Abstract. In the years 2001-2003 an effect of sheep’s manure and mineral fertilizers on the macroelements’ content of the meadow sward of red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.) type was compared. Mineral and manure fertilization affected mainly higher phosphorous and potassium content of the meadow sward, whereas it has no significant influence on the other components level. Fertilization with sheep’s manure can be considered as an important factor improving the quality of forages derived from mountain meadows. Sheep’s manure, especially utilized in the doses of about 10 t ha^–1, alone or together with phosphorous and nitrogen increased the phosphorous content and limited the excessive level of potassium when compared to mineral fertilizers.
D. Kalembasa, E. Malinowska	*Właściwości biologiczne i chemiczne Eragrostis minor* Host.** Biological and chemical properties of Eragrostis minor Host. Abstract. Eragrostis minor is a synanthropic plant of Polish flora, a pioneering grass of acid soils poor in nutritional components. Until recently, the range of the occurrence of this taxon in the lowland part of Poland has been described as considerable, albeit not very numerous. However, lately, both the range and the intensity of the occurrence of this species have increased considerably in some regions of our country. The observed expansion of Eragrostis minor can be attributed to its biological and chemical properties. Unfortunately, our knowledge in this area is very poor. The objective of the performed investigations was to gain a fuller recognition of biological and chemical properties important for the occurrence of Eeagrostis minor.
Z. Kaczmarek, S. Kozłowski	*Zmiany zawartości metali ciężkich w Miscanthus sacchariflorus* (Maxim.) Hack. pod wpływem nawożenia osadem ściekowym** Changes in content of heavy metals in Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. biomass under influence of fertilization of waste activated sludge Abstract. In the pot experiment carried out during two years the influence of the fertilization with there different (10, 20 and 30% of fresh matter to the mass of soil) doses of waste activated sludge in the comparison to mineral fertilization (NPK) on the content of heavy metals in the biomass of Miscanthus sacchariflorus was investigated. The dry mass of Miscanthus sacchariflorus was mineralized by “dry combustion method” and after ash was dissolved in that and after that in the solution the content of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni and Co was determinted by ICP-AES method. The increasing doses of waste activated sludge caused higher uptake of determinted elements. Among determinted elements the fertilized plants have taken up the highest amount of Zn and Pb but the lowest Co and Cr.
M. Kasperczyk, W. Szewczyk, P. Kacorzyk	Produktywność azotu na łące górskiej Nitrogen productivity in a mountain meadow Abstract. Nitrogen is the most important factor influencing crop production. This is due to the fact that plant demands for this nutrient are the highest ones, because nitrogen is the main mineral constituent of a cell. However, this nutrient is also the most expensive as fertiliser and it leads to particularly severe environment pollution since it easily volatilises as well as leaches with percolating water. Under Polish conditions nitrogen use efficiency fluctuates around 14%, which is nearly three times lower than in the Western European countries. Thus, the investigation was undertaken to asses nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake by the mountain-meadow vegetation.
R. Kochanowska, R. Gamrat	*Zbiorowiska trawiaste z pełnikiem europejskim (Trollius europaeus* L.) w dolinie rzeki Chocieli** Grass communities with globe flower (Trollius europaeus L.) in the river Chociel valley Abstract. Basing on results on phytosociological and biometric measurements which have been conducted since 1994 the method of utilization of grass meadows with globe flower of changeable humidity within the river Chociel valley. There was the highest population of Trollius europaeus in the Western Pomerania.
S. Kozłowski, W. Zielewicz, A. Lutyński	*Określanie wartości energetycznej Sorghum saccharatum* (L.) Moench, Zea mays L. i Malva verticillata L.** Determining energetic value of Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Moench, Zea mays L. and Malva verticillata L. Abstract. Investigations are still in progress with the aim to find plant species which could be utilised in bioenergetics. Much hope has been pinned on energetic willow, poplar and false acacia. Recently, more and more attention has been placed on grasses, both native species as well as species alien among our native flora. Also the sward of permanent grasslands occupies a major position in the base of energetic biological raw materials. The simplest, albeit not the only method of obtaining heat energy from plants is their combustion. The value of the released energy is determined by many factors. Among the most important ones is the specificity of the plant species, especially in the area of chemical properties. Our investigations were carried out on the following three species: Sorghum saccharatum, Zea mays, Malva verticillata.
J. Księżak, A. Faber	Ocena możliwości pozyskiwania biomasy z mozgi trzcinowatej na cele energetyczne Evaluation of possibility gain of biomass with red canarygrass on energy Abstract. The research was conducted in 2004-2006 in the Experimental Station in Osiny on a field experiment established with no replications. Bamse (Swedish) variety of red canarygrass was used in this experiment. The harvested area amounted to 400 m². Two soil suitability complexes: cereal-fodder strong (8) and good rye (5) were the factor of the first level, whereas frequency of the harvest (once or twice) was the factor of the second level. Evaluation of the possibilities of biomass production for energy purposes from red canarygrass cultivated on the two different types of soil was aim of the research.
W. Martyn, T. Wyłupek, A. Czerwiński	Zawartość wybranych makroskładników w glebie i roślinach energetycznych nawożonych osadami ściekowymi Contents of some macroelements in soil and energy plants fertilized with sewage Abstract. The experiment was started in 2005 on podsolic soils (IVb soil quality class) that are typical for the area adjacent to the Coal Mine ‘Bogdanka’. The sewage had been taken from ‘Łęczyńska Energetyka’ sewage plant in KWK ‘Bogdanka’ mainly from miners’ sauna and canteen, and used on experimental plots where energy plants were grown: grasses Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Calamagrostis epigejos and Rosa multiflora (for comparison). Contents of Ca, Mg, K, and Na were marked with commonly used methods in soil and biomass of specific plant species. Also, possibility of production of biomass used in the future as energy material was determined. The results of the two year experiment allowed to observe that irrigation of soil with sewage caused tremendous changes in its chemistry. It was also shown that the species revealed different intensity of biogenes absorption. Calamagrostis epigejos retained in its biomass large amounts of potassium, and little amounts of calcium. The basic element absorbed by Miscanthus sacchariflorus was calcium. Rosa multiflora accumulated in its biomass both calcium and potassium.
A. Suder	*Szata roślinna łąk wilgotnych (rząd Molinietalia caeruleae* W. Koch 1926) we wschodniej części Wyżyny Śląskiej** Vegetation of wet meadows (order Molinietalia caeruleae W. Koch 1926) in the eastern part of Silesia Upland Abstract. The eastern part of Silesia Upland has very diversified wet meadows vegetation which covers especially large acreages in the area of Garb Tarnogórski. 10 associations, 9 subassociations and 1 community have been distinguished and described there. Man’s impact, secondary succession and anthropogenic disturbances of water conditions shaped the characteristic features of these plant communities.
M. Szenejko	Masa i wielkość nasion a zdolność kiełkowania wybranych form oa pratensis L. Weight and size of seeds and germination capacity of selected forms of Poa pratensis L. Abstract. The paper presents characteristics of the seed material of selected 25 forms of Poa pratensis L., i.e. of ecotypes, cultivars and strains. Seeds of the examined objects were analysed with regard to the thousand seeds weight (TSW) as well as the length (L) and width (W) of kernels. Initially characterised seeds were then subjected to the assessment of the germination process by determining their germination energy, germination capacity and the MGT index. The obtained results confirmed the opinion that TSW is a stable trait and, in the case of cultivars, it can be used as a “model” for their evaluation. No significant differences were determined in the mean value of the germination capacity of ecotypes, cultivars and strains. However, it was found that heavy and large seeds germinated, on average, by 84,2% better in comparison with light and small seeds. The difference between them reached nearly 40,0% and was confirmed statistically.
L. Winkler, M. Trzaskoś, G. Kamińska, R. Malinowski	Charakterystyka i rozmieszczenie zbiorowisk roślinnych o potencjalnej wartości energetycznej z siedlisk silnie wilgotnych i mokrych Kostrzyneckiego Rozlewiska Characteristic and ranges of plant communities of potential energetistic value of moist and wet habitats of the Kostrzyn Broad Abstract. The floristic investigations were carried out, at the Kostrzyn Broad in the Odra river valley in very wet areas and swamps on the alluvial soils. The following communities occurrence on the transects (Stara Rudnica and Siekierki) were described Bulboschoenus maritimus, Carex acuta, Calamagrostis canescens, Glyceria maxima, Phalaris arundinacea, Phalaris arundinacea with Urtica dioica, Phalaris arundinacea with Bidens cernua and Phragmites australis type. The value of these communities depended on the habitat. Sward of this plant communities from the swampy habita, represented low fodder value, but very great and exceptional nature value.
L. Frey	Karol Linneusz (1707-1778) Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Abstract. In May 2007 three hundred years have passed since Carolus Linnaeus was born. He is the father of modern taxonomy and his system for naming, ranking and classifying organisms is still in wide use today, although with many changes. Linnaeus is best known as a botanist, and has been often recognized as the “flower king”. Through his work, Linnaeus has become the most well-known Swedish scientist, both internationally and in Sweden.
R. Kochanowska, R. Gamrat	*Uprawa miskanta cukrowego (Miscanthus sacchariflorus* (Maxim.) Hack.) – zagrożeniem dla polskich pól i lasów? (doniesienie naukowe)** Cultivation of the amur silvergrass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack.) – a threat to Polish fields and forests? (research report) Abstract. In 1995 Miscanthus sacchariflorus was planted in a garden as an ornamental grass in two permanent experimental plots (the city of Szczecin). In each plot, 6 amur silvergrass specimens were planted. The area was not fertilized and watered. Biometric measurements were conducted from 1998 to 2007. After three years the amur silvergrass formed high, well-stocked aggregations limiting the occurrence of weeds and animals. From the fourth year of the research, the area of its cultivation was limited to 10m2 and in 2001 the second plot was closed down due to the expansion of the amur silvergrass onto the adjacent cultivated garden.