Nr 11, 2008 - Polskie Towarzystwo Łąkarskie

Autor	Tytuł pracy	Pełny tekst
A. Bałuch-Małecka, M. Olszewska	Produkcyjność przemiennych użytków zielonych w zależności od rodzaju mieszanki i poziomu nawożenia w warunkach Pojezierza Olsztyńskiego Productivity of temporary grasslands depending on type of mixtures and fertilization level in the Olsztyn Lakeland Abstract. The experiment was conducted in the Olsztyn Lakeland during the years 1998–2001. The objective of the study was to determine the yield of four legume-grass mixtures. The forecrop was winter wheat. The experiment was established in a randomized complete block design, in 4 replications, on grey-brown podsolic soil of quality class IIIb. Experimental factor I were 4 legume-grass mixtures (50% legumes + 50% grasses) composed of: red clover (Trifolium pratense) + meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) + orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), white clover (Trifolium repens) + perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), hop trefoil (Medicago lupulina) + red fescue (Festuca rubra). Experimental factor II were varied levels of mineral fertilization: 0 (control); P₃₅ K₁₀₀; N₆₀ P₃₅ K₁₀₀; N₁₂₀ P₃₅ K₁₀₀.
R. Baryła, M. Kulik	Ocena przydatności różnych mieszanek do podsiewu zdegradowanej runi łąkowej Effect of different mixtures utility to overdrilling of degraded meadow sward Abstract. The aim of this paper was to estimate influence of different mixtures utility to overdrilling of degraded meadow sward. The studies were carried out in 2004–2007 in Sosnowica (the Wieprz-Krzna Channel region) on peat-muck soil. Investigations were carried out on meadow complex which was characterized by the high share of Poa pratensis as well as herbs and weeds. In 2004, there was applied overdrilling of degraded meadow sward with use of different simplified mixtures. Applied overdrilling were not influenced on mean yields of dry matter, but there were noted substantial changes in species composition of meadow sward.
W. Białczyk, J. Czarnecki, K. Jamroży, K. Pieczarka	Analiza parametrów wytrzymałościowych wybranego podłoża zadarnionego o różnej intensywności użytkowania Analysis of strength parameters of selected turf utilized with different intensity Abstract. The paper presents results of research on strength parameters of chosen grass area and different turf wear level. Wear intensity was obtained with a number of passings of weighted roller with cleats. The investigations were conducted for 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% turf damage and 0%, which meant turf not damaged. The biggest values of penetration resistance of a cone penetrometer and compactness was observed on penetration depth of 0.06 m. The results of the study also showed comparable to linear growth of penetration resistance and specific individual pressures of a stamp along with turf wear intensity on researched (to 0.1 m) penetration depth.
B. Borawska-Jarmułowicz	Zmiany w składzie florystycznym runi łąkowej po pięciu latach od zaprzestania nawożenia przy jednokrotnym koszeniu The changes in floristic composition of meadow sward after desistance from fertilization for five years with one-cutting management Abstract. The aim of this study is to estimate floristic composition of four meadow types after five years of renunciation of fertilisation and reduction of cutting frequency to once a year. The studies were carried out in Central Poland on moderately wet meadow site. As a result of different grass mixtures the four of meadow sward with the following dominated species have been established: 1 – Arrhenatherum elatius and Festuca arundinacea, 2 – Festuca arundinacea and Arrhenatherum elatius, 3 – Festuca rubra and Dactylis glomerata, 4 – Festuca rubra and Festuca arundinacea. In 2006 botanical analyses showed the changes in the floristic composition – decreasing in the total number of grass species and the increasing in share of grass species dominated in sward, especially high grasses. The yield of meadow sward decreased from 60% to 70%. The results indicated degradation of all types of meadow sward.
G.A. Ciepiela, J. Jankowska, R. Kolczarek, K. Jankowski	Wykorzystanie azotu przez ruń łąkową zastosowanego w roztworze mocznika i w saletrze amonowej The nitrogen use by the meadow sward applied in the urea solutionand in ammonium nitrate Abstract. The aim of led investigations was the comparison of nitrogen utilization by the meadow sward in depend on the dose of this component and the physical form of the nitrogenous fertilizer applied to the fertilization of the permanent meadow. The investigations were couried out in 1999–2001 on the permanent meadow located on the gley soil. Every year of investigations the first regrowth was fertilized with NPK in the quantity: N – 60 kg ha^–1, P – 60 kg ha^–1, K – 60 kg ha^–1. In the experience the control combination was also applied (without mineral fertilization). The second and third regrowth was fertilized exclusively with nitrogen, applying on individual regrowths the equal doses of this component (27.6; 41.4; 55.2 kg ha^–1). The nitrogen was delivered to the plants as foliar, apply respectively 20, 30 and 40% the urea solution in the volume 300 dm³ per hectare or top-dressing as ammonium nitrate in the solid form. The results obtained in the work showed that the applied in the experience the nitrogen doses hadn’t the significant influence on the agricultural and physiological efficiency. However the higher value of those coefficients was got under the influence of applying of the urea solutions in the comparison with ammonium nitrate. Utilization of the nitrogen from the fertilizer carried out average 74.8% and it was higher in the conditions of fertilization with the urea solutions than by fertilization with ammonium nitrate.
S. Grzegorczyk, A. Gołębiewska	Wpływ dodatku babki lancetowatej na produkcyjność mieszanki Festuca pratensis z Lotus corniculatus Effect of ribwort plantain addition on productivity of Festuca pratensis with Lotus corniculatus mixture Abstract. Ribwort plantain addition not effected quantity of obtained yields. Nitrogen fertilization contributed to significant yield increase, but the fact is that, even without fertilization, obtained high yields of dry matter, exceeded 10 t ha^–1. Considered sward nutritive value of mixtures, ascertained, that meadow fescue accumulated most of all raw fibre and marked out high abudance of P, Zn and Mn, and birdsfoot trefoil contained most of all total protein, Mg and Cu. Ribwort plantain marked out higher ability to accumulate Na, K and Ca.
J. Jodełka, K. Jankowski, A. Jakubczak	Sezonowe zmiany liczebności drobnoustrojów w strefie ryzosferowej łąki nawożonej doglebowo i dolistnie Seasonal changing of the microorganisms in the rhizosphere levelof the meadow fertilized to the soil or as foliar Abstract. The investigation was realized on the soil material coming from experience put in 1993. Nitrogen fertilization (55 or 110 kg ha^–1 N) was applied in the form of ammonium nitrate under every regrowth. Additionally was applied foliar fertilization. The samples of the soil to quantitative of microbiological investigations were taken in the vegetative period 2005 after the gathering of every cut. In studied soils the bacterium number was depended on the kind of the supplement to the plants of alimentary components delivered in the form of spray. Both the level of fertilization used to soil and the kind of spray hadn’t the significant influence on the number of the mould in the soil.
P. Kacorzyk, W. Szewczyk	Wpływ nawożenia na zawartość składników organicznych oraz makroelementów w wybranych grupach roślin łąkowych Influence of fertilization on organic components and macroelementscontent of meadow plant groups Abstract. Suitable fertilization treatment decides about botanical and chemical composition of meadow sward. Grasses are basic component of permanent grasslands. Legume plants are other important group with great feed value in animal production. Herbs are third part of permanent grasslands. These plants are characterized high concentration of mineral components and biologically active substances. In this paper results of chemical analyses of grass, legumes and herbs are presented depending on different doses of mineral and natural fertilizers. The investigations were conducted in the years 2003–2004 on the permanent meadow of Festuca rubra and Agrostis capillaris type in the mountain region.
M. Kasperczyk, W. Szewczyk, P. Kacorzyk	Dynamika składu botanicznego runi łąkowej w zależności od rodzaju nawożenia Dynamics of botanical composition of the meadow sward as affectedby the kind of fertilization Abstract. As regards meadows, the effects of manure are considered to be inferior to these of mineral fertilisers, due to the great possible loss of nutrients. The rate of ammonia lost from fermented manure which had been applied over grassland may reach up to 75%. Nonetheless, manure has a highly beneficial impact on grass production and species composition in turf, as well as it reduces harmful effects of mineral fertilisation and curbs natural propagation of meadow weeds. This research aimed to evaluate the dynamics of turf species in a meadow fertilised with manure versus mineral fertilisers. Experimental work was conducted on permanent grassland in submontane area between 1997 and 2005.
G. Mastalerczuk	Wpływ zaprzestania nawożenia i ograniczenia częstotliwości koszenia łąki trwałej na skład gatunkowy runi, plonowanie i masę korzeniową roślin The influence of desistance from fertilisation and reduction of cutting frequency of permanent meadow on species composition, yielding and root mass of plants Abstract. The studies were curried out in 2000–2007 on permanent meadow situated in the valley of Pisi Tuczna river about 40 km south-west of Warsaw. The objective of this research was to analyse the influence of desistance from fertilisation and reduction of cutting frequency to once a year on changes in species composition, yielding and root formation of meadow sward. The results indicated that limited management of meadow after its long-term intensive management could be the reason of grassland degradation.
Z. Mikoajcyak, A. Dobicki, P. Nowakowski, W. Opity von Boberfeld, M. Wojciechowska, D. Matkowski	Ocena użytków zielonych Parku Narodowego „Ujście Warty” Evaluation of grasslands of National Park „Warta Mouth” Abstract. Evaluation of botanical composition and yields of grassland swards of National Park „Warta Mouth” were performed in years 2004–2006. Detailed observations dealt with the three main vegetation type swards of Glyceria maxima, Phalaris arundinacea and Agrostis stolonifera. These swards cover ca. 70% of the Park, the remaining area is mainly under herbs and Salix ssp. shrubs and trees. The use of grasslands by cattle there depends on the length of birds nesting season and on various in time spring and sometimes summer flooding. The average yield of herbage for the entire vegetation season was estimated for Glyceria maxima and Phalaris arundinacea swards to be ca. 9–10 t ha^–1 DM and for Agrostis stolonifera sward to be ca. 7 t ha^–1 DM.
B. Mosek, S. Miazga	Zbiorowiska szuwarowe w dolinie rzeki Urzędówki Rush communities in the valley of the Urzędówka river Abstract. Using the Braun-Blanquet method, 93 phytosociological relevés were established, including 30 relevés of rush communities of the Phragmitetea class. 11 plant associations were distinguished, including 4 grass associations (Sparganio-Glycerietum fluitantis, Glycerietum maximae, Phragmitetum australis and Phalaridetum arundinacea), 6 sedge (Eleocharidetum palustris, Caricetum elatae, C. paniculatae, C. acutiformis, C. distichae and C. gracilis) and Marsh Horsetail associations (Equisetetum fluviatilis). Altogether, 22 plant species of the Phragmitetea class, 42 species from various syngenetic units of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class and 16 accompanying species were identified in all associations.
W. Nowak, J. Sowiński, A. Lisyka-Podkowa, A. Jama	Wartość pokarmowa krótkotrwałych mieszanekmotylkowo-trawiastych Nutritional value of one-year Legume-Grass mixtures Abstract. In the years 2003–2005, in Pawłowice Research Station of Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, a three-year research was conducted with annual legume-grass mixtures and with their components (persian clover, westerwold ryegrass), concerned with their nutritive value. The share of components in a mixture had a significant effect on the content of crude protein, fiber, ash, magnesium and calcium. The most advantageous equivalent ratios were characteristic of persian clover alone and the mixture of 80% persian clover and 20% westerwold ryegrass.
M. Olszewska, S. Grzegorczyk, A. Bałuch-Małecka	*Wymiana gazowa i indeks zieloności liści Trifolium repens* uprawianej w mieszankach z Festulolium braunii i Lolium perenne w zależności od zróżnicowanego nawożenia azotem** Gas exchange and leaf greenness in Trifolium repens grown in mixtures with Festulolium braunii and Lolium perenne depending on different nitrogen rates Abstract. A field experiment was conducted over 2004–2006. An exact field experiment was established in a randomized split-plot design, in four replications, at the Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo, province Warmia and Mazury. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of accompanying species and nitrogen fertilization on the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, water use efficiency and leaf greenness values of white clover grown in mixtures with Festulolium and perennial ryegrass. The experimental material comprised white clover cv. Rawo grown in mixtures (50% seeding rate) with Festulolium cv. Sulino and perennial ryegrass cv. Solen. The investigated parameters were compared under conditions of varied nitrogen fertilization: non-fertilized treatments, treatments fertilized at a rate of 60 kg and 120 kg ha^–1 N.
A. Radkowski, B. Barabasz-Krasny	Ugrupowania nitrofitów na powierzchni utylizacji siana w Stacji Hodowli Roślin Skrzeszowice Groupings of the nitrophilic plants in the hay utilization areas at the Plant Breeding Station in Skrzeszowice Abstract. On the basis of registrations, which involved 32 experimental fields of the hay storage area at the Plant Breeding Station in Skrzeszowice, five groups of nitrophilic plants were divided. These groupings as regards phytosociological factors are linked to Galinsogo-Setarietum association (Stellarietea mediae class) or known from literature Urtica dioica and Chenopodium album (Artemisietea class) communities. There are no significant differences between them in species composition but there are significant differences as regards dominants.
A. Radkowski, B. Barabasz-Krasny	Zbiorowisko roślinne odłogowanych pastwisk gromadzkich na Pogórzu Bocheńskim Plants communities on barren community pastures in Bochenskie Foothills Abstract. The composition of plant communities on the barren pastures near Rudy Rysie in Bochenskie Foothills (Southern Poland) was examined. The presence of four plant communities was recorded: two of non-utilized postpasture phytocenosis type and two remaining after dried-out ponds with no significant importance in pasture administration of that region.
M. Rogalski, A. Wieczorek, M. Szenejko, A. Kamińska, E. Miłek	Możliwości wykorzystania ekstensywnie użytkowanych łąk nadmorskich do celów energetycznych Possibilities for utilisation of extensively used coastal meadows for energy purposes Abstract. The results of studies on the energy value of selected native plants, mainly grass species that occur in natural, extensively used communities of coastal meadows are presented. An attempt was taken up to evaluate the energy value of selected species that prevail in plant communities covering neglected large-area meadows situated by the Szczecin Lagoon, e.i. (Phragmitetum australis, Phalaridetum arundinaceae) and large-sedge reedbeds (Caricetum acutiformis, Caricetum gracilis, Caricetum ripariae), molinion meadows (Molinietum coeruleae), pastures with the common rush (Epilobio-Juncetum effusi), and tufted hair grass (Deschampsietum caespitosae) and common velvet grass meadows (Holcetum lanati). The caloric value as well as crude ash content, fibre neutral and acid fractions and lignin and cellulose contents were determined. From among the examined species, the common reed proved to be particularly useful for production of bio-fuels. This species, as well as the wood small-reed, is also suitable for use as combustible material, since the caloric value of these grasses is similar to hard coal.
B. Stańko-Bródkowa	Znaczenie banku nasion w glebie i rozprzestrzeniania nasion w kształtowaniu i regeneracji wielogatunkowych zbiorowisk łąkowych The role of the soil seed bank and seed dispersal for formationand restoration of species-rich grassland communities Abstract. The role of soil seed bank for formation of species composition of grassland communities has been presented in this study. The different environmental conditions and ecological processes in persistence, semi-natural plant communities, partly degraded grasslands and also during secondary succession from grassland to forest have been taken into the consideration. The special attention has been paid on the possibility of restoration former species-rich meadows communities from soil seed bank. This paper has been prepared on the basis of research results published by many authors.
M. Szenejko, W. Majtkowski	*Zmienność cech biologicznych wybranych form Poa pratensis* przydatnych do hodowli odmian gazonowych** Variability of biological traits of selected forms of Poa pratensis useful for lawn cultivars breeding Abstract. In 2005–2006, a research work were carried out in the IPBA Botanical Garden in Bydgoszcz and the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of the University of Szczecin referring to evaluation of the variability of selected biological traits of Poa pratensis L. It covered 18 forms of the smooth meadow-grass including 2 breeding varieties (‘Skrzeszowicka’ = ‘Sk 46’ and ‘Alicja’) and 16 ecotypes coming from the Lower Silesian Province. Within the examined population, a large variability of traits was found, in particular with respect to flag leaf blade length, thousand seed mass and inflorescence length. The majority of the examined objects proved to be early forms, with the variability for that trait ranging from 32.3 days for DOS01 405 ecotype to 46.3 days for DOS01 229 and DOS01 468 ecotypes. Among the ecotypes, the forms occurred with higher trait values in relation to standard varieties, in particular to the turf variety ‘Alicja’. One of them, i.e. DOS01 468, obtained more favourable values with respect to mean plant height and leaf width when compared to the standard. Clear negative correlation was demonstrated between the height of plants and their early development.
T. Wyłupek	Łąki kłosówkowe w dolinie Poru Holcus meadows in Por river valley Abstract. Geo-botanical studies performed in Por river valley revealed that Holcetum lanati – Yorkshire fog association – covered about 10% of the total meadow area. Holcus meadows on studied area were usually two times cut by their owners – individual farmers. They occurred on mineral and organic soils with neutral or slightly acidic reaction. The presence of 88 of vessel plants and bryophytes was found; mean number of species at a single record was 29.1 taxons. The holcus meadows provided with low–quality hay (LWU from 3.5 to 5.5), while yield of the 1^st cut hay ranged from 1.1 to 2.9 t ha^–1.
W. Zielewicz, S. Kozłowski	Ograniczenie nawożenia a skład chemiczny sorgacukrowego Reducing fertilisation and chemical composition of sweet sorghum Abstract. The experiment comprised the following two experimental cultivation treatments of sweet sorghum: a/ sowing of 180 000 seeds per 1 hectare with row seed frequency of 7 cm and b/ sowing of 260 000 seeds per 1 hectare with row seed frequency of 6 cm. The spacing between rows was 70 cm in both treatments. The seeds were sown in the last decade of April using for this purpose a 4-row Monosem sowing machine equipped in sowing discs of 2–3 mm holes. The following two fertilisation combinations were applied with the above – mentioned cultivation treatments: a basic dose of: N – 160 kg, P – 80 kg and K – 170 kg ha^–1 and a reduced dose of: N – 120 kg, P – 60 kg and K – 150 kg ha^–1. The control plant was maize, cv. Magister (FAO 270) which was sown at the same date and at the same row distances as the experimental sweet sorghum. Maize sown in pure stand required 90 000 seeds per hectare and the applied fertilisation was identical with that employed in the case of sorghum. Therefore, it cannot be said that changes in the fertilisation lead to distinctly worse fodder quality. From the point of view of phyto-chemistry, it is possible to apply in the cultivation of sweet sorghum the following doses of fertilisers: N – 120 kg, P – 60 kg and K – 150 kg ha^–1. Economic calculation should play a decisive role in the selection of the method of cultivation and fertilisation.
R. Dembek	Wartość rolnicza ekstensywnie użytkowanych łąk w dolinie Kanału Bydgoskiego (doniesienie naukowe) Agricultural value of extensively utilized meadows in the Bydgoszcz Canal Valley (research note) Abstract. Studies conducted in the Bydgoszcz Canal Valley, part of the Noteć Valley covered by the Natura 2000 programme, aimed at meadows utilized according to guidelines of the agri-environment programme, variant P01b. The evaluation took into account direct factors such as the botanical composition, yielding and chemical composition of the sward as well as indirect factors, that artificially describe the fodder value of the sward, basing on utilization value numbers and particular elements of the habitat, that influence the vegetation and the agrotechnical parameters of meadows.
A. Dradrach, Z. Zdrojewski	Ocena produkcyjności runi łąkowej po podsiewie mieszanką jednoroczną (doniesienie naukowe) Assessement of productivity of meadow sward after sowing with annual mixture (research note) Abstract. The Spring 2006 year at Pawłowice Experimental station field experiment was conducted using undersown crop on three treatments A₀ – control, A₁ – with grass mixture Topmix 1 and A₂ – with grass mixture in four fertilizer variant: B₀ – 0, B₁ – PK, B₂ – 90 kg N + PK, B₃ – 180 kg N + PK per hectare. Two-cut use was employed. The aim of the experiment was the assessnent of the effect of type of grass annual mixtures and varying mineral fertilization on sward productivity in climatic-soil condition of Lower Silesia region. Results show that profitable changes in botanical composition and increasing yielding of sward was observed under using of Topmix 1 and using of mineral fertilization positively affected botanical composition. The highest number of undersown grass species was noticed on treatments with rate of 90 kg ha^–1NPK fertilization.