| Autor |
Tytuł pracy |
Pełny tekst |
| B. Borawska-Jarmułowicz |
Zdolność reprodukcyjna odmian Dactylis glomerataw zależności od rozstawy rzędów w okresie czteroletniego użytkowania
The reproductive potential of Dactylis glomerata varieties dependingon row spacing during four-years utilization
Abstract. Dactylis glomerata varieties were tested in a seed cultivation established in a pure, late spring sowing against the background of two row spacing (50 and 70 cm) during 4-years investigations. The field experiment in central Poland was established in a split-plot configuration on 3 m2 plots with four replications. Two factors were considered: variety (six varieties) and row spacing (50 and 70 cm). There were analyzed: formation of generative shoots (number) and seed yield. The seed yield changed depending on variety and year of utilization. The highest seed yields were obtained in the second and the third year. It was found that the seed yield and the number of generative shoots depended on cultivar and row spacing. Significant positive correlation coefficients were obtained between seed yield and the number of generative shoots of Dactylis glomerata varieties at the investigated row spacings.
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| B. Borawska-Jarmułowicz |
Zróżnicowanie morfologicznych i biologicznych cech odmian Dactylis glomerata w uprawie na nasionana tle warunków pogodowych
Variability of morphological and biological properties of Dactylis glomerata varieties in seed production at the background of weather conditions
Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development and biological features of Dactylis glomerata varieties grown for seeds depending on the course of precipitations and temperature. The studies were carried out in 2002–2006 in central Poland. Experiment was established as a split-plot design on plots of 3 m2 in four replications. The seeds of six varieties of Dactylis glomerata with different earliness and the ways of utilization were sown in June at rate 0.5 g m–2 in two row spacings (50 and 70 cm). The following parameters were analyzed: cover of surface (spring), height of plants (spring and in the term of seed harvest – generative and vegetative shoots) and share of generative shoots in the aboveground. It was found that examined varieties were characterized by a considerable diversification of their grow and development depending on weather conditions. |
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Z. Kaczmarek,
S. Kozłowski |
Oblatywanie przez pszczołowate zbiorowisk łąkowych
Test flights of meadow communites by Apidae insects
Abstract. The performed investigations were carried out on meadow complexes situated in the region of Wielkopolska recognised for its long traditions of meadow management and bee-keeping. The results of our investigations and observations show that permanent meadows exhibit sufficient floristic diversity to make them attractive for Apidae. However, flights of Apidae to visit meadow communities in order to collect nectar vary. The attractiveness of Cirsium oleraceum communities is evidently higher than that of Alopecurus pratensis, while communities with Trifolium repens and Taraxacum officinale occupy intermediate positions. All the above-mentioned plant communities are more attractive for Apoidae than Brassica napus cultivations. In addition, visits paid to individual species of plant communities also vary. Apoidae appear to favour in particular the following plant species: Vicia cracca, Trifolium sp., Taraxacum officinale, Cirsium sp., Leontodon autumnalis, Melilotus sp., Polygonum bistorta, Euphrasia rostkoviana and Lychnis flos-cuculi. Another advantage of permanent meadows is the presence in their sward of plants which blossom during the entire period of vegetation. Therefore, if we want to enhance meadow floristic diversity, it is necessary to introduce (by oversowing) into their communities plant species which are visited by Apidae most readily. In addition, it can be concluded on the basis of the performed experiments that the Apoidae population in our region is very poor and is limited to the following little species: Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris and B. lapidaries, B. sylvarum, B. pascuorum and Halictus sp. |
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T. Kitczak,
R. Malinowski,
H. Czyż |
Zawartość makro- i mikropierwiastków w glebach i runi użytków zielonych położonych nad Zatoką Wrzosowską
The content of macro- and microelements in soils and grasslands sward located nearby the Wrzosowska Gulf
Abstract. The article presents results study were obtained of 4 objects on grassland areas located in the valley of the Wrzosowska Gulf. The chemical properties of low peat, muckous, mineral- -muck, rusty soil were determined as well as the chemical composition of samples of meadow plants.
In general of the examined soils is acidic, low content of macro- and microelements, which found the reflection in chemical composition of plants biomass. It marked in raised level of salinity and the high content of total sulphur of soils and meadow plants the influence of waters of Baltic Sea the being in range of influence waters of Wrzosowska Gulf. |
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E. Młynkowiak,
I. Kutyna |
Zróżnicowanie zbiorowisk szuwarowych śródpolnych oczek wodnych w zachodniej części Pojezierza Drawskiego
Differentiation of rush communities of mid-field pondsin the western part of Drawskie Lakeland
Abstract. The objects of the research were 30 mid-field ponds situated in the western part of Drawskie Lakeland. A synthetic table shows 153 relevés representing 12 rush associations. Totally, within the studied water ponds, 23 plant communities were distinguished, including 12 rush associations. These are: Sparganietum erecti, Eleocharitetum palustris, Phragmitetum australis, Typhetum latifoliae, Acoretum calami, Oenantho-Rorippetum, Cicuto-Caricetum pseudocyperi, Iridetum pseudacori, Caricetum acutiformis, Caricetum gracilis, Caricetum vesicariae and Sparganio-Glycerietum fluitansis. Phytosociological constancy of the species forming the structure of 12 recognized plant communities phytocoenoses: Caricetum gracilis (75), Caricetum vesicariae (71) and Typhetum latifoliae (63 taxa) are floristically the richest, whereas Sparganietum erecti (38) and Cicuto-Caricetum pseudocyperi (41 species) are the poorest. The species characteristic of the Phragmitetea and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea classes are dominant among them. Rush associations of the Magnocaricion alliance and contributions of the species from both classes are approximate. The Magnocaricion rushes are in contact with communities of the Phragmition alliance and with communities of moist meadows of the Molinietalia order, hence the contribution of species to them from both the classes. In phytocoenoses of the Phragmition alliance there are fewer species of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class and slightly more species of the Potametea class than in the communities of the Magnocaricion alliance. The analysis of similarity of the communities was carried by the UPGMA method using Euclidean distances on the basis of phytosociological constancy of species with the application of the STATISTICA PL packet (1984–1985). Coefficients of similarity of the associations were calculated by means of the Sörensena method and the obtained results were shown in the Czekanowski diagram. |
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E. Młynkowiak,
I. Kutyna |
Zróżnicowanie zbiorowisk łąkowych klasy Molinio-Arrhenatheretea w krajobrazie rolniczymzachodniej części Pojezierza Drawskiego
Differentiation of meadow communities of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea classin agricultural landscape of the western part of Drawskie Lakeland
Abstract. The objects of research were 55 mid-field meadows of an up to 5 ha area, the characteristics of which were biotope conditions and the method of exploitation. The area is localized in the western part of Drawskie Lakeland. The field research was carried out in the years 1995–1999. In this period 150 phytosociological relevés were made using the Braun-Blanquet method. Collective soil samples were taken from the research area, in which the mechanical composition and the values of pH in H2O and 1 M KCl were determined. Within the studied meadows 11 plant communities from Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class were distinguished, of which nine were in the rank of associations: Filipendulo-Geranietum, Epilobio-Juncetum effusi, Scirpetum sylvatici, Angelico–Cirsietum oleracei, Alopecuretum pratensis, Holcetum lanati, Arrhenatheretum elatioris, Viscario-Festucetum rubrae, Ranunculo-Agropyretum repentis; and two as communities Deschampsia caespitosa and Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra. |
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| K. Musiał |
Walory przyrodnicze zbiorowisk łąkowychdoliny rzeki Mierzawy
Natural values of meadow communities in valley of the Mierzawa river
Abstract. The aim of the research was to evaluate the meadow communities, that are accompanying the valley of Mierzawa river. The types of habitats that have been examined are the fresh and the wet meadows, that belong to various phytosociological associations, differentiated in the type of management. In explored terrain, there has been done 45 phytosociological records, during June and July in 2010 and 2011, in 16 localities, that all belong to the Niecka Nidziańska macroregion. The Mierzawa river is a right-bank tributary of Nida, and its length is about 60 km. Altitudes above sea level in the investigated area only slightly exceed 200 m in the valley of this river. Whereas altitudes of surrounding ground reach to a little above 300 m a.s.l. In this area, there is a considerable floristic diversity, what has been assessed by a big number of plant species, genera, and botanical families, that belong to vascular plants. Natural values of that terrain were estimated according to an appropriate method, which shows that the wet meadows are more floristically diversified than the fresh meadows. |
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| J. Sosnowski |
Wpływ użyźniacza glebowego na kształtowanie się biomasy nadziemnej Festulolium braunii
Effect of soil’s fertilizer on the development of aboveground biomassof Festulolium braunii
Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil’s fertilizer on the formation of biomass of aboveground parts of Festulolium braunii. Rings with a 36 cm diameter and a 40 cm high was embed on a depth of 30 cm and was filled with soil material. Then, to each rings were seeded eight seeds of tested grass species. It was the following combinations of fertilizer: Control-no fertilizer, NPK – the annual doses of 0.6 g N ring–1, 0.25 g of P2O5 ring–1 and 0.9 g K2O ring–1, UG – soil’s fertilizer at a dose of 3.7 cm3 ring–1 as a 0.25% solution, UG + NPK – in the combined doses as for the combination „NPK” and „UG”. Full period, of three movings use of experimental objects was in years: 2008, 2009 and 2010. Detailed study included: aboveground biomass yield (g DM ring–1), the number of shoots (no ring–1), leaf length (cm), width of leaf base (mm), leaf greenness index (SPAD). Regardless of study years, combining of mineral fertilization with soil’s fertilizer, resulted in a significant increase of dry matter yield of plants, relative to control objects as well as to suppled only with soil’s fertilizer or mineral fertilization. The largest number of shoots, leaf length and width of their base as well as the highest values of SPAD occurred on the objects with soil’s fertilizer used together with mineral fertilization. |
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| J. Sosnowski |
Wartość paszowa mieszanek Festulolium brauniiz koniczyną łąkową i lucerną mieszańcową zasilanychużyźniaczem glebowym
The feed value of Festulolium braunii mixtures with red cloverand alfalfa supplied with soil’s fertilizer
Abstract. The experience with growing of Festulolium braunii (Felopa variety) in mixture with red clover – (Tenia variety) and alfalfa (Tula variety),was founded in April 2007, in randomized blocks in 3 licants on the experimental. The first experimental factor were 3 grass – legumes mixtures with the following composition: M1 – Festulolium braunii (variety Felopa) 50%, Trifolium pratense (Tenia variety) 50%, M2 – Festulolium braunii (Felopa variety) 50%, Medicago sativa ssp. media (Tula variety) 50%, M3 – Festulolium braunii (variety Felopa) 50%, Trifolium pratense (Tenia variety) 25%, Medicago sativa ssp media (Tula variety) 25%. The second experimental factor was soil’s fertilizer, applied in the phase of grass earing at a dose of 0.9 l ha–1 diluted in 350 l of water. Combinations with soil’s fertilizer were marked as UG, and without soil’s fertilizer BUG. The specific studies were included the total protein content, sugars, fiber (% DM) and dry matter digestibility (%). Analysis of plant material, in regards those characteristics, were done at the Institute of Technology and Life Sciences in Falenty. The obtained results showed that application of the soil’s fertilizer to undepend on the type of mixture and study years caused the, increase of the crude fiber content and sugar-protein ratio and decrease of dry matter digestibility of analyzed plant material. |
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K. Starczewski, A. Affek-Starczewska,
K. Jankowski |
Wpływ wybranych regulatorów wzrostu na kolorystykę muraw mieszankowych założonych na bazie życicy trwałej
Effect of phytohormones on the color grass mixtures based on ryegrass
Abstract. In the report, results of examination mixed turf grasses with different contains of perennial ryegrass (20–80%) was shown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of phytohormones on color mixed turf grasses. The results indicated that color of lawn was mostly depended on applied phytohormones. Unfavorable trend in the color change of lawn grasses was noted after applying phytohormones. Components of mixture did not had significant impact on this feature.
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T. Wójtowicz,
M. Moś |
Wpływ stopnia dojrzałości wiech na wartość siewną nasion Festuca pratensis
Effect of degree of panicle maturity on sowing value of Festuca pratensis seeds
Abstract. The aim of this study conducted in the years 2006–2008 was to evaluate the effect of harvest date and varietal variation on sowing value of seeds threshed and shattered from panicles with different degree of maturity in four meadow fescue cultivars. Germinability as well as weight of 1000 seeds were strongly affected by varietal factor and interaction of this factor with harvest date in successive years. Seeds threshed from panicles in the third degree of maturity were characterized by high germinability (84%) but the highest value of this index (87%) was estimated for seeds obtained during induced shattering, notwithstanding the lowest weight of 1000 shattered seeds (2.115 g). Inconsiderable variation of germinability of threshed seeds between applied dates of harvest in analyzed three-year period points to the possibility of harvesting at the earlier date to reduce losses in seed yield caused by shattering process. |
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W. Zielewicz,
S. Kozłowski |
Występowanie barwników chlorofilowych i karotenowych w trawach leśnych
Occurrence of chlorophyll and carotene dyes in forest grasses
Abstract. Forest grasses are poorly known with respect to their chemical composition. This remark also refers to plant dyes. Chlorophyll plays a vital part, primarily, in physiological processes, whereas carotenes, especially beta-carotene – in determining plant fodder value. Our own investigations undertook these issues with regard to 13 species of forest grasses. In the light of the obtained research results, it can be said that the occurrence of the above-mentioned dyes is a characteristic trait of individual species. Levels of dye concentrations depend on the dynamics of plant growth and development as well as site conditions, especially moisture levels. Moreover, considerable changes in chlorophyll content occurred during the vegetation season which can affect plant vitality and fodder value as well as landscape. |
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A. Żywiczka,
J. Pławska-Olejniczak |
Przekształcenia florystyczne muraw napiaskowych w rejonie toru motocrossowego quadów
Floristic transformations of the sandy grassland in the area of quadmotocross track
Abstract. The aim of this study was an appraisal of the anthropogenic impact of a quad motocross track on the complex of the psammophilic grasslands, mainly the spectrum of types between Spergulo-Corynephoretum, Diantho-Armerietum and Arrhenatheretum elatioris. Changes that have occurred in the altered area and in the undisturbed fragment were compared using multivariate methods. In the track area, reduction in abundance and decline of occurrence, of the species characteristic of psammophilic grassland, was observed, as was the decline of total floristic diversity. In their place meadow species appear and the proportion of Arrhenatherum elatius is significantly increased. The results show that, in the short term, this method of utilization has negative impact on the sandy grassland. |
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