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Tytuł pracy |
Pełny tekst |
B. Borawska-
-Jarmułowicz,
G. Mastalerczuk |
Wpływ zróżnicowanego czasu oświetlenia na początkowy rozwój gazonowych odmian Poa pratensisw pierwszym i czwartym roku po zbiorze nasion
The influence of the different light time on initial developmentof Poa pratensis turf varieties in the first and fourth year after seeds harvest
Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the light time conditions on vigour and germination capacity of Poa pratensis L. turf varieties after the first and the fourth year of seeds storage. It was indicated that vigour and germination of seeds of examined turf varieties – Alicja, Ani, Nandu (PL) and Miracle (NL) varied independent on the light conditions in the first as well as in the fourth year after harvest. Achieved results revealed influence of longer time of light (15/9h) on seed vigour and germination as well as initial seedling growth of examined varieties.
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H. Czyż,
T. Kitczak,
J. Szydłowska |
Przydatność wybranych nawozów ekologicznychdo nawożenia runi pastwiskowej
Suitability of selected ecological fertilizers for pasture’s sward fertilizing
Abstract. The studies were carried out in 2004–2006 on systematically mown but not fertilized permanent meadow, covered by Festuca rubra community, situated on muck soil. There were introduced pasture management and three mineral fertilizers (Magnesia-Kainit, Patent-PK and Thomaskali) accepted to use in ecological farms. Rates of fertilizers was calculated to 120 kg ha–1 as a basis. Detailed researches involve: floristic composition of sward, yields of green matter, dry matter and crude protein, content of macroelements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) and Cu. The results of analysis showed that used fertilizers had positive influence on floristic composition and yielding of pasture sward. |
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B. Golińska,
P. Goliński |
Ocena wytrzymałości na zerwanie osadki kłoskowej i siły wiązania ziarniaków w kłoskach Lolium perenne
Evaluation of tensile strength of rachilla and seed retention strengthin spikelets of Lolium perenne
Abstract. Investigations were carried out in 2008–2009 to assess the rachilla tensile strength and seed retention strength in spikelets of various Lolium perenne genotypes depending on their growth stages. The cultivars (Akwamaryn, Diament, Gagat and Solen), breeding strain SZD 102 and ecotypes were used. With the aid of a special testing machine, retention strength of successive flowers/kernels in spikelets as well as strength required to rachilla breaking of selected spikelets were determined. It was found that the examined Lolium perenne genotypes were characterised by specificity regarding seed retention strength in spikelets. This biological feature was smaller for top flowers/kernels and increased with the movement down the spikelet. It was found that in the examined genotypes of perennial ryegrass the seed retention strength in spikelets in the analysed consecutive growth stages was smallest in spikelets situated in the upper part of the inflorescence and the highest in the lower part. |
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B. Grygierzec,
K. Gowin |
Wpływ stymulacji laserowej nasion na bioakumulację metali ciężkich w kostrzewie czerwonej
Effect of laser stimulation of seeds on heavy metals bio-accumulation in the red fescue
Abstract. The research was conducted in 2005–2008 in Krakow. The experiments were located close to three busy streets of the city: Igolomska, Lublanska and Mickiewicz Avenue. The experiment aimed at determining the effect of pre-sowing stimulation of red fescue seeds with a laser diode on heavy metal contents. After four years of red fescue exposure along the three streets in Krakow a smaller soil pollution with heavy metals was assessed in the pots sown with the grass sowing material which was pre-sowing stimulated with the laser diode. Computed bioaccumulation coefficients (BC) revealed that the red fescue which was pre-sowing stimulated with the laser diode accumulated higher quantities of all analyzed heavy metals than the plants which were not stimulated before sowing. Red fescue, both stimulated with the laser diode before sowing and without the pre-sowing stimulation absorbed greater quantities of copper, zinc, cadmium and nickel, but smaller amounts of chromium and lead. |
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| S. Grzegorczyk, K. Grabowski |
Wpływ zaniechania rolniczego użytkowania zbiorowisktrawiastych obiektu Bezledy na zmiany w ich składzie gatunkowym
Effect of desist from agriculture use of grass communities in Bezledy object on flora species composition changes
Abstract. Studies were conducted on Bezledy object, situated on northern part of Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship. Soils on this area ranked as peat-muck soils formed from wood peat. In 1960’s peat bog was land reclamated and bringed into cultivation, the next years managed on it rational meadow farming. In 1990’s as a result of property transformations interest of this object diminished, till complete excluding of exploitation. In 2007 in meadow sward dominated dicotyledonous plants – Filipendula ulmaria and Urtica dioica. In comparison to 2003 occurred changes in floristic composition of meadow sward. Increased participation of Filipendula ulmaria, however decreased participation of Urtica dioica. |
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W. Harkot,
M. Powroźnik |
Reakcja wybranych gazonowych odmian Lolium perenne na pogodowe czynniki stresowe w okresie początkowego wzrostu i rozwoju
Reaction of selected lawn Lolium perenne varieties on weatherstress factors during emergence and establishment
Abstract. The sensitivity to weather conditions of 12 lawn Lolium perenne varieties sown at 6 dates were evaluated in 2005–2008 (three study series) on a base of their emergence and establishment. Emergence onset proved the earliest in the objects with the May and August sowing dates (5–16 days after sowing), whereas the latest with the November and December terms (as late as spring next year, 90–180 days after sowing). The highest plant density was observed for the Inka, Lisabelle and Taya varieties in objects with the May sowing date, and for the Gazon variety in objects with the September sowing date. The Natara, Niobe and Plaisir varieties had a similar plant density in objects with all sowing dates.
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M. Kasperczyk, W. Szewczyk,
P. Kacorzyk |
Aspekt produkcyjny i środowiskowy nawożenia łąk górskich za pomocą koszarzenia Cz. I. Skład botaniczny i plonowanie łąki
Production and environmental aspects of mountain grassland fertilization by the means of folding. Part I. Floristic composition and yielding
Abstract. For mountain grasslands a specialty is their fertilisation by sheep folded behind hurdles. The productiveness of this practice was compared with inorganic fertilisation per annum. The elements of assessment covered floristic composition of the sward, dry matter and crude protein yields, and productivity per basic nutrients (1 kg PKN). The effects of folding in general were temporary regardless of stocking density. Spring term of application gave a perceptible outcome for 2 years, while for the autumn one it was merely in the following year.
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M. Kasperczyk,
W. Szewczyk,
J. Majcher-Łoś |
Dynamika rozwoju czterech gatunków traw
The dynamics of growth in four grasses species
Abstract. The developmental appraisal of the four grass species: Festuca pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense and Lolium perenne at each stage of first regrowth was done in 2007–2008. It included the number of developed and died leaves, and total leaf surface. The highest number of leaves from the stage of initial growth to the onset of flowering was produced by Phleum pratense, while the lowest by Lolium perenne. However, at harvest 3 leaves were withered in the former, and 1 in the latter. The largest leaf area was produced by Phleum pratense, and the least by Lolium perenne. |
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T. Kitczak,
H. Czyż,
A. Sarnowski |
Wpływ nawożenia mineralnego NPK na plon nasion odmiany Asterix Festuca arundinacea
Effect of mineral NPK fertilization on the yielding of Festuca arundinacea cv. Asterix
Abstract. The studies were carried out in years 2003–2007 in The Agricultural Research Station Lipki near Stargard Szczeciński. The field experiment was consisted of 4-year tests, in split-plot design, 4 replications, where area of one plot was 12 m2. Two factors were considered: I – P+K dose (kg ha–1): 60+120 and 90+180; II – N dose (kg ha–1): 0, 40, 80, 120. Cultivation of Festuca arundinacea cv. Asterix in light soil conditions gives good results and yields oscillate (dt ha–1): 11.25–19.32 – in first year, 9.08–18.29 – in second, and 5.58–9.96 – in third in forth year of utilisation. The results of researches on yielding of seeds of Festuca arundinacea show that a dose of phosphorus and potassium on level of P-60 i K-120 kg ha–1 is enough, in turn a dose of nitrogen is necessary to upgrade to 120 kg ha–1 (increase of 74.9% in comparison to object without fertilization). |
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S. Kozłowski,
A. Swędrzyński |
Profesor Edward Ralski (1901–1940) – uczony, przyrodnik, obywatel, człowiek
Professor Edward Ralski (1901–1940) – a scholar, naturalist, citizenand a person
Abstract. The aim of the article was to present the figure of Professor Edward Ralski (1901–1940) as a scholar, teacher, naturalist, citizen and person. The scope of each of the above-mentioned areas was determined by the presence and availability of source materials. Scientific and teaching activities of Edward Ralski were focused on grassland science and he turned out to be an unquestioned authority in this field. His scientific activities which were characterised by new approaches and novel perspectives determined the future of grassland science in Poland.
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S. Kozłowski,
A. Swędrzyński |
Możliwości wykorzystania trzcinnika piaskowegow kontekście jego biologicznych, chemicznych i fizycznych właściwości
Possibilities of utilisation of wood small-reed grass in the context of its biological, chemical and physical properties
Abstract. The aim of investigations was to recognize properties of in an attempt to find the answer to the question whether biomass of wood small-reed grass can be treated as a renewable source of energy raw materials. The performed experiments covered two areas: the recognition of its biological (development and structure of vegetative and generative shoots, development of stolons and roots, kernel germination capacity) and chemical (occurrence of organic and mineral constituents) properties as well as physical (determination of the heat of combustion) characteristics of wood small-reed grass. The analysis of results revealed that the physical and chemical properties of the sward of this species place it among plants with the highest potentials regarding possibilities of its energetic utilization. |
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M. Olszewska,
S. Grzegorczyk,
J. Olszewski,
A. Bałuch-Małecka |
Porównanie reakcji wybranych gatunków traw na stres wodny
A comparison of the response of selected grass species to water stress
Abstract. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2001–2002 to determine the effect of water stress on gas exchange parameters (photosynthesis, transpiration), leaf greenness and the yield of five grass species: Lolium perenne cv. Argona, Dactylis glomerata cv. Areda, Festuca pratensis cv. Skra, Phleum pratense cv. Kaba and Arrhenatherum elatius cv. Skrzeszowicki. The response of the studied grasses was evaluated at two soil moisture levels, 70% field water capacity (optimum soil moisture) and 35% field water capacity (water stress). The rates of photosynthesis and transpiration were measured during the growing season and chlorophyll concentrations were estimated. Water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated based on the quotient of photosynthesis and transpiration rates. The presented results are mean values of harvests and years of the study. The responses of the analyzed grasses to water stress varied depending on species. Festuca pratensis was characterized by the highest rate of photosynthesis, both under optimum moisture conditions and water stress. This species showed also a high rate of transpiration and the lowest water use efficiency. Water stress contributed to a significant decrease in the yield of all grasses, and the lowest yield decline was noted in Lolium perenne, followed by Dactylis glomerata. These two species were characterized by lower photosynthesis and transpiration rates and higher water use efficiency, compared with the remaining species. The above could be indicative of their good adaptability to stress factors. |
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| D. Sienkiewicz-Paderewska |
Zbiorowiska roślinne z klasy Koelerio glaucae-Corynephoretea canescentis Klika in Klika et Novak 1941 występujące na trwałych użytkach zielonych w Parku Krajobrazowym „Podlaski Przełom Bugu”
Plant communities from Koelerio glaucae-Corynephoretea canescentis class Klika in Klika et Novak 1941 located in the permanent grasslands of the ‘Bug Ravine’ Landscape Park
Abstract. The aim of performed investigation was to describe psammophilous communities of Koelerio glaucae-Corynephoretea canescentis class placed in the permanent grasslands of the ‘Bug Ravine’ Landscape Park. Based on the phytosociological data collected in 2004–2006 with the use of the Braun-Blanquet method, it was characterized five phytocenoses: Diantho-Armerietum elongatae, Spergulo vernalis-Corynephoretum, Corniculario-Cladonietum mitis, community of Koeleria glauca and community of Dianthus carthusianorum – Festuca ovina. The descriptions of them included: species composition of each community, their synthaxonomic structure, proportion of synanthropic species, species richness, floristic diversity calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index (H’), site conditions estimated with the use of the Ellenberg phytoindication method and the numebr of rare or protected species. The fodder value of each community using the Filipek method (fodder value score FVS) was estimated, too. The presented communities showed high environmental value, but they had a very poor fodder value in the same time. The most popular community was Diantho-Armerietum and that association showed the highest species richness and the largest number of rare taxa. Presented results were discussed with the focus on the factors that could threaten described communities and in the context of the protection of those phytocenoses. |
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J. Sosnowski,
K. Jankowski |
Wpływ użyźniacza glebowego na skład florystyczny i plonowanie mieszanek kostrzycy Brauna z koniczyną łąkową i lucerną mieszańcową
Effect of soil fertilizer on the floristic composition and yield of Braun’s festololium mixtures with red clover and alfalfa
Abstract. In the aim to determine the effects of soil fertilizer on the floristic composition of sward and yielding of mixtures Festulolium with red clover and alfalfa, at April 18 in 2007 two-factor field experiment was established in a randomized block arrangement with 3 replications. The first experimental factor were 3 legumes – grass mixtures having the following composition and quantitative: M1 – Festulolium Braunii (Felopa cv.) 50%, Trifolium pratense (Tena cv.) 50%, M2 – Festulolium Braunii (Felopa cv.) 50%, Medicago sativa sp. Media (Tula cv.) 50%, M3 – Festulolium Braunii (Felopa cv.) 50%, Trifolium pratense (Tena cv.) 25%, Medicago sativa sp Media (Tula cv.) 25%. The second testing, factor was the soil fertilizer, used for a single plants watering in a stage of Festulolium shooting in the first regrowth, as a solution in a dose 0.9 l ha–1 diluted in 350 l of water. On the all experimental objects were annually used the mineral fertilization (60 kg N, 120 kg K2O, P2O5 and 80 kg ha–1). The specific research included: floristic composition of the sward of the first cut and dry matter yield of plants. |
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| M. Szenejko |
Zróżnicowanie cech morfologicznych oraz plonu masy nadziemnej wybranych ekotypów podlaskich Poa pratensis w początkowym etapie ich rozwoju
Differentiation of morphological traits and above-ground mass yield of Poa pratensis ecotypes from Podlasie Province in the initial stage of their development
Abstract. This paper presents results of examinations carried out in 2006–2007 which aimed at performing initial differentiation of 11 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) in respect of selected morphological traits and above-ground mass yield quantity. Measurements were carried out in the presence of two standard varieties, i.e. a lawn variety Alicia and a fodder form Skrzeszowicka. The examined population of smooth Kentucky blue-grass ecotypes proved to be relatively uniform in respect of most analysed morphological traits and green and dry matter yield quantity. Among them, object pod02 426 deserves special attention as being characterised by the best uniformity of analysed parameters and attaining higher values in relation to such traits as Lpw, Ll, Szbl and A as well as plant productivity, favourable for meadow use. Thousand seed weight did not significantly affect the value of most analysed traits, except green matter yield (r = – 0,714) and leaf blade mass (r = – 0,581). However, it was observed that forms developing longer vegetative shoots and leaf blades with larger assimilation area during 4 examination months were also characterised by higher yield of green and dry matter. kg ha–1 (increase of 74.9% in comparison to object without fertilization). |
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M. Warda,
E. Stamirowska-Krzaczek |
Ocena wartości runi oraz wilgotności i trofizmu siedlisk wybranych zbiorowisk trawiastych z klasy Molinio-Arrhenatheretea w Nadwieprzańskim Parku Krajobrazowym
Evaluation of sward value, moisture and trophism value of habitats of chosen grass communities from Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class in the Nadwieprzański Landscape Park
Abstract. The floristic studies were performed according to the Braun-Blanquet`s method on grasslands in the Nadwieprzański Landscape Park. The objective of the researches was to recognize the flora as well as moisture and trophy value characteristics and sward value of the selected grassland phytocoenoses in the central part of the Wieprz river valley. The associations from Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class found in the moderate moist habitats (wetness index 3.2–3.7), in the slightly elevated sites and valley borders were represented by the Alopecuretum pratensis, Arrhenatheretum elatioris and the community with Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra. Their sward characterized by moderate to good value. Floristic composition of investigated communities indicated higher habitat fertility than it was proved by soil chemical analyses. |
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| M. Kulik |
Efektywność regeneracji runi po zniszczeniach spowodowanych przez zwierzynę leśną
Efficiency of sward regeneration from damage caused by the forest game
Abstract. The study objective was to assess the efficiency of sward regeneration from damage caused by forest game. The study, conducted on peat-muck soil at Sosnowica between 2009 and 2010, encompassed meadows and pastures damaged by wild boar. Two types of sward use, the regeneration of the damaged sward and old sward were examined. The efficiency of overdrilling is influenced by several factors such as yield, species composition, quality of the forage obtained and, above all, the costs. Taking into account the factors above, the study conducted indicated that performing overdrilling after damage caused by wild boar is a fully justified measure.
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