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R. Baryła,
M. Kulik
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Podsiew jako sposób poprawy runi łąk i pastwisk w aspekcie komponowania mieszanek
Overdrilling as a means of improving the sward of meadows and pastures from the perspective of composing mixtures
Abstract. The success of the overdrilling depends on the presence of valuable plant species which have adapted to the local habitat conditions, and on the limited presence of rampant grassland and pasture weeds in the sward. The components of mixtures should have a short seed germination period, fast seedling growth rate, and sufficient competitiveness in the community, particularly in relation to the plants of the old turf. Such characteristics are demonstrated by Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Festulolium braunii, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens. However, grasses exhibit a greater persistence in grass communities than legumes.
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R. Baryła,
M. Kulik
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Trwałość wybranych odmian Lolium perenne w runi mieszanek łąkowych na glebie torfowo-murszowej
Persistence of chosen Lolium perenne cultivars in the sward of meadow mixtures on peat-muck soil
Abstract. In the years 1997–2011, studies were conducted to assess the persistence and stability of the share of Lolium perenne cultivars (Polish varieties Anna, Arka, Maja, Solen, Rela and the SZD-291 strain, and Dutch varieties Baristra, Barezane and Barlano) in the sward of two grassland mixtures. The experiments were established on peat-muck soil (Mt II). The greatest impact on stability of the share of the particular cultivars of Lolium perenne in the sward of the tested mixtures was exerted by unfavourable thermal conditions of the winter of 2002/2003, high or low precipitation volumes, and the related varying groundwater level in the second half of the growing season preceding the assessment of the species composition. |
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R. Dembek,
R. Łyszczarz
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Wpływ udziału Plantago lanceolata na plonowanie i jakość runi pastwiskowej
Plantago lanceolata sward participation and its effect on pasture sward yields and quality
Abstract. Studies were conducted between 2009 and 2011 on a two-component plot, established in the Notec Valley, on a renewed pasture for milk cows located on highly mineralized organogenic soil. Plantago lanceolata comprised 20 or 40% (5 or 10 kg seeds per hectare respectively) in grass-legume mixtures containing Lolium perenne or Dactylis glomerata as the dominant species. During the first year, the growth of Plantago lanceolata was limited more by Lolium perenne than by Dactylis gomerata. In the following years, Plantago lanceolata receded from the pasture, mostly due to competition from Dactylis glomerata, better accustomed to the habitat and transient humidity deficiency. However, its participation in the sward was always higher than that of Trifolium repens, comprising 20% of the sowing mixture. During the three year study period, the dry mass yields of the control mixtures (grass-legume) with a 20 or 40% participation of Plantago lanceolata, fertilized with 90 kg N, 100 kg K and 44 kg P, were largely similar. On average, mixtures containing Dactylis glomerata gave slightly higher yields (~10.0 t ha–1) than those containing Lolium perenne (~9.5 t ha–1). Plantago lanceolata contained more dry mass than Trifolium repens and other dicotyledonous plants. In comparison to both primary grasses it contained less crude fibre, more water-soluble sugars as well as more phosphorus and calcium. |
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B. Grygierzec
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Zawartość podstawowych składników pokarmowych i frakcje włókna w sianie z ekstensywnie użytkowanych zbiorowisk Alopecuretum pratensis i Holcetum lanati
The content of basic nutrients and fibre fractions in hay from extensively used Alopecuretum pratensis and Holcetum lanati communities
Abstract. Investigations were conducted in 2007–2009 on two permanent meadows, included in the Agri–Environmental Programme for the years 2007–2013 with dominating meadow foxtail localised in Skrzeszowice and a meadow with dominating common velvet grass in Komorniki. Both localities are situated near Krakow. The investigations were conducted to determine fodder value of hay from extensively used Alopecuretum pratensis and Holcetum lanati communities on the basis of yielding and basic chemical composition (contents of crude ash, total protein, crude fat, nitrogen–free extracts, crude protein and fibre fraction share). The presence of 25 species was noted in the Alopecuretum pratensis meadow sward, whereas 32 species were identified in Holcetum lanati community. Total dry mass yields from Alopecuretum pratensis meadow were from 5.26 to 6.38 t ha–1 and from the Holcetum lanati meadow between 2.85 and 3.49 t ha–1. Quantities of energy nutrients and crude ash in the hay from Alopecuretum pratensis and Holcetum lanati communities were diversified. Hay samples originating from Holcetum lanati community had a lower content of crude ash, total protein and crude fat but higher concentrations of crude fibre and nitrogen free extracts than plant samples from Alopecurus pratensis community. High concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), considerably exceeding the permissible quantities stated in the feeding standards were assessed in the analysed hay from both meadows. |
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J. Jankowska
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Wpływ wybranych metod zwalczania mniszka pospolitego na zawartość ligniny kwaśno-detergentowej w runi łąkowej
Effect of some methods of common dandelion control on the acid detergent lignin content in the meadow sward
Abstract. In 2007–2009 the study on effect of some chemical and mechanical methods of Taraxacum officinale control on the acid detergent lignin content in the feed obtained from the permanent meadow was carried out. In the experiment the following combinations were used: control, Rancho 242 EC, Bofix 260 EC, Starane 250 EC, Mniszek 540 SL, mechanical mowing, mechanical drawing. The lowest acid detergent lignin content and the best feed digestibility were obtained from the meadows, where used chemical methods of common dandelion control. In this regard the most effective was the Rancho 242 EC herbicide. From mechanical methods, weeds pulling from the soil effected more favorably on the feed digestibility than mechanical mowing.
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K. Jankowski,
W. Czeluściński,
J. Jankowska,
J. Sosnowski
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Kolorystyka muraw trawnikowych w wyniku zastosowania zróżnicowanych dawek odpadu popieczarkowego
Coloring of turf lawns after application of different doses of mushroom’s refuse
Abstract. The field experiment was established in 2004 on agricultural object of University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. It was tested the type of lawn mixtures: Wembley (M1); Parkowa (M2), Relax (M3), Półcień (M4), and the mushroom’s substrate in different dose (0, 2, 4, 6 kg m–2). On the all experimental objects mineral fertilization in the form of Pokon fertilizer was used. In each year of the study the lawn coloring was evaluated. This evaluation was made according to the COBORU methodology. On the intensity of the green color of turf lawn a big impact had a floristic composition of the lawn mixture. The most preferred color had a mixture Półcień containing in its composition 20% of perennial ryegrass and 55% of red fescue. |
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M. Kasperczyk,
P. Kacorzyk
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Wpływ nawożenia mineralnego na wartość gospodarczą pastwiska górskiego
Effect of mineral fertilization on the economic value of mountain pastures
Abstract. In 2007–2009 assessed the impact of mineral fertilization on the production value of mountain pastures grazed by sheep. Pasture was grazed 4 times during summer in rotational grazing. The study included five objects: controls and 4 fertilized. Elements of the assessment were: sward floristic compositions, dry matter yield, crude protein and utilization of these yields by sheep. The biggest impact of these parameters had a phosphorus-potassium fertilization. However, floristic compositions from the point view of fodder value and the highest yield of dry matter were available and obtained by sheep under influence of following fertilization: P-25 kg, K-60 kg, N-60 kg ha–1.
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S. Kozłowski,
W. Zielewicz,
W. Lipiński
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Występowanie składników mineralnych w Galega orientalis w aspekcie jej paszowego wykorzystania
Occurrence of mineral constituents in Galega orientalis from the pointof view of its fodder utilisation
Abstract. Galega orientalis (goat’s rue) is a plant characterised by a wide range of application possibilities, although its fodder utilisation appears to be most appropriate bearing in mind the chemical properties of this plant species, especially in the area of its organic components. However, the chemical composition of goat’s rue has not been properly investigated so far. Insufficient knowledge of its chemical composition can be attributed to the fact that the plant is included in the group of leguminous plants which are commonly considered to be characterised by high concentrations of mineral components. Nevertheless, the plant mineral composition undergoes far reaching changes and, hence, levels of chemical elements in plants are not always optimal. The aim of this research project was to get to know levels of occurrence of mineral constituents in the plants of goat’s rue with respect to their optimal values, both during the vegetative period as well as in the course of consecutive years of utilisation of plantations of this species. |
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S. Kozłowski,
W. Zielewicz,
A. Swędrzyński,
Ł. Olejarnik
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Właściwości chemiczne traw leśnych
Chemical properties of forest grasses
Abstract. Cereal and meadow grasses are well recognised with respect to their content of organic and mineral constituents. Forest grasses, on the other hand, still remain a group of plants poorly recognised with regard to their chemical properties, even though they play many various functions, including: turf- and landscape-forming as well as fodder ones. These functions are determined by chemical properties of these plants. Results of our own investigations on the chemical properties of forest grasses expand our knowledge about this group of plants and, as such, provide a valuable supplementation of literature data. Forest grasses can serve as a valuable source of fodder for wildlife. Chemical composition of forest grasses, especially of structural carbohydrates, determines the structure of shoots as well as their arrangement and the establishment of leaves on them. This property is important for the visual perception of grasses, especially with respect to their landscape and aesthetic role. |
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R. Lamparski,
M. Szczepanek
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Występowanie owadów na wybranych odmianach Phleum pratense i Agrostis gigantea uprawianych na nasiona w zróżnicowanych rozstawach rzędów
Occurrence of insects on chosen cultivars of Phleum pratense and Agrostis gigantea grown for seed in varied row spacing
Abstract. In this study was estimated occurrence of insects on chosen cultivars of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and red top (Agrostis gigantea Roth) grown for seed in varied row spacing. There were more insects when timothy and red top were sown in 24 cm row spacing than in 36 and 48 cm, respectively. Thysanoptera and Hemiptera preferred timothy cv. Nowinka to cv. Prosna and Obra and red top cv. Mieta to Kita and Paula. The most numerous was Sitobion avenae F. on timothy and Psammotetti alienus Dahlbom on red top.
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H. Lipińska,
M. Sykut
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Allelopatyczny wpływ wodnych wyciągówz liści wybranych gazonowych odmian trawna ich początkowy wzrost
Allelopathic influence of water extracts from the leaves of selected lawn grass species and cultivars on their initial growth
Abstract. In the studies conducted, an attempt was made to demonstrate the differences in the growth inhibition of test species seedlings under conditions of exposure to water extracts from the leaves of the lawn cultivars of Festuca rubra, Festuca ovina, Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis. Biotests were performed on Petri dishes in laboratory conditions. The extent to which seedling height and root length was inhibited in comparison to control objects (sprayed with distilled water) was used as an indicator of the presence and activity of allelopathic substances in extracts from leaves. The negative or positive effect of allelopathic substances depended on the species and cultivar of the donor, and the species of the test plant, i.e. the acceptor. Among the grass species studied, the strongest negative impact was exerted by water extracts from the leaves of L. perenne. |
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R. Łyszczarz,
R. Dembek,
R. Suś,
M. Zimmer-Grajewska
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Możliwości odtworzenia i utrzymania korzystnego potencjału produkcyjnego trwałych użytków zielonych w Dolinie Kanału Bydgoskiego
Possibilities of reconstruction and maintaining a beneficial production potential of permanent grasslands in the Bydgoszcz Canal Valley
Abstract. Under sowing with a multi-specific grass and papilionaceous mixture has appeared to be an effective method of renewing a meadow non-fertilised for more than 20 years, located on the post-bog soil. In the 6-year research period the best botanical composition and the highest yield-forming effectiveness were recorded for the treatment which involved the fertilisation with phosphorus and potassium. It was Dactylis glomerata which was the most dynamic species. A considerable share in the plant communities, formed as a result of a varied fertilisation, was also made up, depending on the level of fertilisation, by Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Agrostis gigantea, Agrostis stolonifera, Poa trivialis, Deschampsia caespitosa and Urtica dioica. The fertilisation with 120 kg N ha–1 and complete abandoning of fertilisation were especially unfavourable for the sward composition. A considerable share of non-sown dicotyledonous plants was eliminated in the fourth year of research with Fernando 225 EC herbicide. |
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J. Pawluczuk,
K. Grabowski
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Zbiorowiska łąkowe na glebach murszowychw dolinie rzeki Omulew
Meadow communities occupying muck soils in the Omulew river valley
Abstract. Floristic and phytosociological studies were conducted on drained managed and unmanaged meadows occupying organic soils with a different moisture content. Soil samples were analyzed to determine their physical properties and the concentrations of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Phytosociological data were collected in 20 relevés representing different vegetation layers. A list of plant species was compiled and cover coefficients were calculated using the five-point Braun-Blanquet scale. The uppermost horizon of organic-muck soils had an acidic reaction, a high content of phosphorus, calcium and iron, an average cooper content, and a low content of potassium, magnesium and zinc. Managed hay meadows were dominated by the following valuable grasses: Alopecurus pratensis, Festuca rubra, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis and Dactylis glomerata, accompanied by leguminous plants, herbs and weeds. Grassland abandonment led to undesirable changes in sward composition and contributed to the introduction of species with poor nutritional quality, such as: Avenula pubescens, Holcus lanatus, Deschampsia caespitosa, Elymus repens and Anthoxanthum odoratum. |
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J. Sosnowski
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Wartość RFV mieszanek Festulolium z koniczyną łąkową i lucerną mieszańcową zasilanych użyźniaczem glebowym
RFV value of Festulolium mixtures with red clover and alfalfa supplied with soil’s medium amendment
Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil’s medium amendment and qualitative and quantitative composition of Festulolium mixtures with legume plants on the relative feed value of the obtained feed. Experimental factor were three grass-legumes mixtures. Another factor was the soil’s medium amendment, applied at tillering stage of the grass in a dose 0,9 l ha–1 diluted in 350 l of water. Combinations with soil’s medium amendment were labeled as UG, and without soil’s medium amendment as BUG. The study included chemical composition of dry weight of plants, which were determined at the Institute of Technology and Life Science in Falenty. The obtained results were used to assess the quality of feed from mixtures, which was conducted by Linn and Martin test. Classification parameter was the relative value of feed – RFV. The best feed material was collected from the sown by objects Festulolium braunii in mixture with red clover. The using of soil’s medium amendment to grow, regardless of the mixture, cut and a study year, resulted in a increase of relative feed value of estimated mixtures. |
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J. Szkutnik,
P. Kacorzyk,
M. Kasperczyk,
J. Majcher-Łoś
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Dynamika przyrostu plonu suchej masy i azotu ogólnego u traw
The rate of dry matter yield increase and total nitrogen in the grass
Abstract. The experiments was conducted in 2009–2010 in the mountain area. The rate of dry matter yield increase and total nitrogen was assessed in four grasses: Festuca pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, Lolium perenne. The evaluation of growth dynamics of dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in the year of sowing was made in four periods: I – 31 days after emergence of grasses, II – at harvest time, III – 21 days after first cut, IV – 51 days later. In the second year of the experiment growth was assessed four times, every 2 weeks from the beginning of vegetation. Results of investigations shows that pace growth of dry matter yield was lower than accumulation pace of total nitrogen. |
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J. Szkutnik,
P. Kacorzyk,
W. Szewczyk
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Zmiana zawartości białka ogólnego i włókna surowego w zależności od poziomu nawożenia i fazy rozwojowej traw
The content change of total protein and crude fibre depending on the dose of fertilization and phenological phase of grasses
Abstract. The experiment was conducted in 2008–2010 in the mountain area. Cumulation of protein and crude fiber were assesed in four grasses: Festuca pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense, Arrhenatherum elatius. The experience was two-factor. The first factor was varied nitrogen (50, 100, 150 kg ha–1) with constant phosphorus-potassium fertilization. The second factor was the phonological stage – first was at the earing, second – during flowering. Results of assesment shows that Festuca pratensis and Arrhenatherum elatius increased the protein content in plants and reduced the aging process with increasing nitrogen fertilization. In mountain conditions the optimal dose of nitrogen Phleum pratense seems to be 100 kg ha–1 while for Dactylis glomerata best dose was 150 kg. |
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E. Tryaskowska,
P. Adamiec
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Wartość estetyczna trawników ekstensywnychna wybranych obiektach Lublina
Aesthetic value of extensive lawns on selected items of Lublin
Abstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the aesthetics of extensive lawns appearing near the roads on which as a result of species succession there appear spontaneous, synanthropic, pasture, grassland and synanthropic communities. Our studies confirm, that extensive lawns have high floristic diversity. Described lawns are spectacular flowering phytocenosis and in most cases they refer to the pasture and grassland communities. The least effective communities are classified to trampled lawns: Lolio-Polygonetum. Low values have lawns with Hordeetum murini. The highest diversity have lawns with Bunietum orientalis, Cardario drabe-Agropyretum repentis and lawns without phytosociological affiliation, but with large amount of grassland and synanthropic species.
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