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J. Alberski,
M. Olszewska,
A. Bałuch-Małecka,
M. Kurzeja |
Wartość energetyczna biomasy z użytkowanych ekstensywnie łąk warkalsko-trojańskich
Energy value of biomass from the extensively used Warkały-Trojan meadows
Abstract. The study was conducted in Warkały-Trojan meadows located in the municipality of Jonkowo, in the Regions of Warmia and Mazury (NE Poland). Due to the absence of farming practices and cultivation measures, a large area of the meadows is covered by grass communities of low nutritional value, whose biomass can be used for energy production. The aim of this study was to determine the energy value of biomass from Warkały-Trojan meadows.
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A. Bałuch-Małecka,
M. Olszewska,
J. Alberski
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Wzrost i rozwój wybranych gatunków traw z rodzaju Miscanthus uprawianych w warunkach klimatycznych Pojezierza Olsztyńskiego
The growth and development of selected grass species of genus Miscanthus under the climatic conditions of the Olsztyn Lakeland
Abstract. A field experiment was conducted in spring of 2007 in the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałdy, owned by the University of Warmia and Mazury (NE Poland). The experiment had a completely randomized design with four replications. Plot size was 20 m2. Twenty seedlings of giant miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis giganteus Greef & Deuter) and 60 seedlings of Amur silvergrass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack) were grown per plot, at the density of 1 plant per m2 and 3 plants per m2, respectively. The experiment was established on mineral soil (sandy silt) of quality class IVa. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of climatic conditions in the Olsztyn Lakeland on the growth and development of introduced species of C4 grasses. |
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B. Borawska-
-Jarmułowicz,
G. Mastalerczuk,
M. Długowska |
Ocena nawierzchni trawnikowych w wybranych parkach Warszawy
The valuation of lawn surfaces of selected park in Warsaw
Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the state of carpet, park and meadow lawns at selected parks in Warsaw and propose methods to improve their turf. The study was conducted in 2007–2012 at the parks – the Łazienki Królewskie, Wilanów and Pole Mokotowskie. The objects of research were three kinds of ornamental lawns – carpet, park and meadow. There were evaluated: cover, colour and aesthetic aspect. There were also determined the botanical composition of the sward. It was found clear differences in cover, colour and botanical composition of respondents lawn surface both between their types, as well as within individual types. Ways to improve the condition of the turf were proposed.
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M. Budzyńska,
K. Dąbrowska-
-Zielińska,
M. Tomaszewska,
M. Bartold,
M. Gatkowska
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Badania nad obiegiem węgla na obszarach łąkowych
Studies on carbon exchange in grassland areas
Abstract. The paper presents the preliminary results of the task in the framework of ongoing project FINEGRASS “Effect of climatic changes on grassland growth, its water conditions and biomass” funded by the Polish-Norwegian Research Programme. The objective of this task is the assessment of carbon exchange in grassland areas using in-situ and remote sensing data. Grasslands are very sensitive ecosystem where significant changes of the carbon balance occur under different climate change, where grasslands either sequestrate or become the sources of carbon. The study was conducted in the years 2014–2015 at Wielkopolska Region, Biebrza River Valley, and Pieniny Mountains test sites, that cover three following grassland types: lowland non–valley, lowland valley, and mountainous. The paper presents in-situ and microwave and optical satellite observations to quantify relationships between soil-vegetation parameters that influence spatial and temporal variability of carbon fluxes over these areas. The next step of the study is the application of satellite data acquired in optical and microwave spectrum to develop method for the assessment of carbon fluxes. |
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H. Czyż,
H. Jänicke,
T. Kitczak,
M. Bury
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Ocena użytków zielonych odnowionych metodą pełnej uprawy położonych na glebie organicznej w dolinie rzeki Randow (Niemcy)
The evaluation of grasslands restored with full cultivation method and located on organic soil in the valley of the river Randow (Germany)
Abstract. The performed study, involving the restoration of grasslands with full cultivation method on organic soil in the valley of the river Randow (Germany) – (Raminer Agrar GmbH & Co), revealed great suitability of this method for restoration of grasslands, and the grass mixture characterised by the highest productive potential among all mixtures used for sowing was Festuca arundinacea – 50% + Dactylis glomerata – 40% + Poa pratensis – 10%. Parameters of forage quality (crude protein, soluble sugars, crude fibre, net energy) reached similar levels on all objects, however they depended greatly on the harvested swath, where the first swath was superior.
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J. Daszkiewicz,
P. Goliński
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Wpływ metody renowacji łąk śródleśnych na atrakcyjność pokarmową dla Cervus elaphus
The effect of mid-forest meadows renovation method on feed attractiveness for Cervus elaphus
Abstract. Renovated mid-forest meadows are areas, which can reduce negative impact of growing population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) on forest and arable crops. Studies on ethology of red deer free-living population on revitalised mid-forest meadows was conducted on two experimental sites, where effect of different renovation methods – full tillage, including sowing of three types of seed mixtures (M1 – Blühende Wildäsung, M2 – Weidgreen Hochwildweide, M3 – author’s mixture), overdrilling and control objects (without renovation) were investigated. Evaluation of midforest renovation success was based on assessment of yielding and red deer sward intake. Results shows that both yielding and sward intake was higher on areas renovated by full tillage method than on overdrilled and control objects. |
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M. Grzelak,
M. Murawski,
A. Knioła,
M. Jaśkowski
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Uwarunkowania siedliskowe, walory przyrodnicze, wartość gospodarcza i użytkowa zbiorowisk szuwarowych na terenach zalewanych
Habitat conditions, nature value, economic value and useful of rush communities in flooded areas
Abstract. Phytosociological and habitat studies of rush communities were conducted in the Noteć Bystra and Noteć Leniwa river valley in the years 2010–2014. These communities are of varied nature value and form valuable ecosystems of high landscape value. Their development, floristic diversity, nature and agricultural value are connected primarily with their moisture content, resulting from the habitat mosaic and land use intensity. The calculated floristic diversity index (H’) ranged from 1.2 to 2.7, while valuation results provided by the method proposed by Oświt showed that communities with moderately high and high nature value predominate in the area. Most examined communities are of poor and mediocre economic and utility value, as evidenced by the calculated fodder value score FVS=1.7–4.1. |
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W. Harkot,
A. Gawryluk,
Z. Czarnecki,
M. Powroźnik,
W. Wańkowicz
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Początkowy wzrost i rozwój wybranych gazonowych odmian Lolium perenne w różnych warunkach siedliskowych
Initial growth and development of selected lawn varieties of Lolium perenne in various habitat conditions
Abstract. The study presents the assessment of initial growth and development of three Lolium perenne L. varieties (Natara, Nira and Taya) in two research series, in two habitats: A – in Sosnowica, at the Didactic-Research Station of the Department of Grassland and Landscape Forming, University of Life Sciences in Lublin and B – on the embankment of National Road No. 17 alongside the Piaski-Łopiennik stretch. In laboratory conditions, thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain germination capacity (in %) were assessed, while in field conditions the seedling growth and root elongation rate (mm) were assessed on the 20th, 40th and 60th day from the sowing date. The responses of the studied varieties to soil conditions were different. Regardless of the research series, the fastest seedling growth rate on mineral soil (habitat A) was observed for the Nira variety while on anthropogenic soil with an undeveloped profile (habitat B) – for the Natara variety. Regardless of the soil and weather conditions in both research series, the highest seedlings and longest roots were found in the Nira variety. |
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M. Janicka,
M.A. Janicka
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Zbiorowiska kserotermiczne rezerwatu florystycznego ,,Winnica” – stan, zagrożenia i ochrona
The xerothermic plant communities in the flora reserve “Winnica” – current state, threats and conservation status
Abstract. The aim of the study was analyzing the floristic composition of the reserve “Winnica”, identify threats and the best ways of protecting this area. Based on 30 relevés five plant communities were distinguished. The most valuable of these is Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati. 139 vascular plant species were recorded. Among them there were five protected species: three under strict and two under partial protection. The main natural threat of rare and protected species are three species of expansive nature, of the Rhamno-Prunetea class. In order to maintain the valuable xerothermic species it is necessary to complete active protection (mowing) with sheep grazing. |
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M. Kopacz
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Funkcje trwałych użytków zielonych na obszarach górskich w kontekście zmian prawno-gospodarczych
The role of permanent grasslands in mountain areas in terms of legal and economic changes
Abstract. Permanent grasslands in addition to the production role are also of ecological and aesthetic importance. After 1989, the socio-economic transformations that began in Poland have significantly affected the changes in agricultural use. There was a limitation of agricultural production and transformation of agriculture in the mountains into more ecological and sustainable one. The area of arable land decreased for the sodded areas. Some of the grasslands began to transform into areas used for non-agricultural purposes, and even for development. These changes also arise from legal and financial conditions. Pre-accession funds (PHARE, SAPARD), the Code of Good Agricultural Practice, as well as PROW 2004-2006 and 2007-2013 had already the impact on the permanent grassland changes. The current PROW 2014-2020 and the principle of “cross-compliance” also draw attention to the need to maintain and enlarge the area of the grasslands. These conditions meant that many sward areas are used only for the purpose of obtaining direct payments, but it’s often forced farmers to change the way of grassland use. Many of them now have recreational functions. They are used to form golf courses, ski lifts, slopes for roller skis or horse-riding. The disadvantage of these changes is disorder of phenological phases of vegetation, or even destroying the sward. However, alternative use of green areas with proper care and preservation of the principles of sustainable development gives a chance for economic development of the region and indirectly reduces the total degradation of the grassland by e.g. self-forestation. |
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M. Kulik,
M. Warda,
T. Gruszecki,
M. Tatarczak,
K. Patkowski |
Ocena zagrożeń i metod ochrony muraw kserotermicznych z klasy Festuco-Brometea w rezerwacie przyrody Stawska Góra
Assessment of threats and protection methods of xerothermic grasslands of Festuco-Brometea class in Stawska Góra nature reserve
Abstract. The study objective is to assess the threats and protection methods of xerothermic grasslands of Festuco-Brometea class and other rare and protected plant species in Stawska Góra nature reserve. The xerothermic grasslands under study are threatened by the lack of grazing, biocenotic evolution and accumulation of dead organic matter, which leads to succession changes in the natural habitat (secondary succession). The cutting of shrubs improved the shrub and tree-understory expansion index but brought only short-term results. The pasturage led to the improvement of parameters such as native expansive species of herbaceous plants, shrub and tree-understory expansion, and dead organic matter, which creates good conditions for the generative reproduction of xerothermic plants such as Carlina onopordifolia. |
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H. Lipińska,
W. Harkot,
H. Ćwintal,
W. Wańkowicz,
A. Kępkowicz,
M. Michalak |
Zawartość mikotoksyn w sianie wybranych gatunków traw
Mycotoxin content in the hay of selected grass species
Abstract. The study objective was to assess mycotoxin content in the hay of Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L. and Poa pratensis L. depending on the duration and place of its storage. The study material was obtained from extensive meadows at the Didactic-Research Station in Sosnowica (peat-muck soils). Tests for the presence of mycotoxins in hay were carried out at the Central Agro-Ecological Laboratory of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, using the CLA/ PLC method. The tests showed that the hay was free of mycotoxins in most of the samples examined. Only some trace amounts of the T-2 toxin and ergovaline were found in the hay of Lolium perenne L. and trace amounts of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin G1 in the hay of Poa pratensis L. Hay stored in a barn, even for 22 months, was free of mycotoxins, and hay stored in conditions of exposure to weather factors contained trace amounts of mycotoxins. |
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E. Łazar,
M. Smółka,
A. Kirkiewicz |
Charakterystyka florystyczna, wartość przyrodnicza i użytkowa śródleśnych użytków zielonych w strefie buforowej Jeziora Uniemino
Floristic characteristic and natural and useful value of forest grassland in the buffer zone of the lake Uniemino
Abstract. The paper presents the results of research on 6 objects located in the buffer zone of the lake Uniemino. The soils were characterised by similar moisture and quite varied floristic composition. Communities of Lupinus polyphyllus, Phleum pratense, Holcus lanatus and Arrhenatherum elatius were formed on soils with the highest moisture (5.54–6.26), and communities of Agrostis capillaris, Luzula campestris and Phleum pratense on soils with slightly lower moisture (4.84–5.43). Low content of macro- and micronutrients in the soil was reflected in the chemical composition of plant samples. The concentration of elements in the analysed samples was lower than that estimated for good fodder. |
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D. Swędrzyńska,
W. Zielewicz,
A. Swędrzyński,
K. Głuchowska,
A. Wolna-Maruwka |
Wpływ polepszaczy glebowych zastosowanych w uprawie Medicago sativa na wybrane właściwości chemiczne i biologiczne gleby
The effect of soil improvers used in the cultivation of Medicago sativa on selected chemical and biological properties of soil
Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of selected calcium-based soil improvers applied to field-grown alfalfa (Fraver) on the some chemical and biological properties of soil. The research revealed that the application of the improvers noticeably increased the pH of soil and the content of magnesium. The influence of the soil improvers on the microbial and enzymatic properties of soil was equivocal. However, it can be concluded that this speciments increased the number of total bacteria and oligotrophs and the enzymatic activity of soil. |
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| S. Twardy |
Wpływ gospodarki pasterskiej w Karpatach na skład florystyczny runi pastwiskowej
The influence of pastoral activities in the Carpathian Mountains on floristic composition of pastures
Abstract. Since the 70s of 20th century the IT-P Research Station at Jaworki carried out works aimed at environmentally friendly utilisation of mountain pastures used for grazing large herds of livestock, especially sheep. Tasks were implemented under conditions of strict production research, taking into account various organizational and economical aspects. One of them was progressively restrictive use of expensive mineral fertilizers, and instead a careful spreading of manure on the surface of pastures. Depending on the floristic composition of sward, there was determined sheep population in the pen, where animals spent their nights. The enclosure was systematically transferred. At the same time the stocking density also gradually increased. Yielding changes of pasture sward were expressed as mean of individual, so called, penning rotations, which varied from 6 to 3 grazing seasons. The floristic composition of sward in selected years are presented, taking into account two altitude zones of pastures above sea level and the division into groups of vegetation. The variability of sward quality is rated by means of Utility Value Number (UVN). Basing on years of research it can be concluded that low cost pasture management in mountain areas can be both economically and ecologically proved. |
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S. Twardy,
M. Kopacz,
W. Matoga |
Zmienność produkcji biomasy na górskich użytkach zielonych w zależności od położenia n.p.m. oraz ekspozycji stoków
Variability of biomass production on mountain grasslands depending on location above sea level and exposure of slopes
Abstract. The article comprises results of the research concerning yielding of grazing sward situated at different altitudes above sea level on slope south (S) and slope north (N). The results collected for the growing season (April-October) of 2015 are presented in comparison with data from a long series of measurements. They included basic climatic factors (precipitation and temperature) in monthly and ten-day system as well as yielding of grazing sward in subsequent new growth and as a year-round sum. The measurement works were done along earlier determined measurement profile running in N-S system across Grajcarek valley. |
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M. Warda,
M. Kulik,
T. Gruszecki,
A. Lipiec,
R. Zubel |
Walory przyrodnicze wybranych muraw psammofilnych w warunkach wypasu owiec w rezerwacie przyrody Kózk
The natural values of selected dry grasslands under sheep grazing in the Kózki Nature Reserve
Abstract. The studies of vegetation were carried out in the years 2010–2013. One of the study objectives was to update the assessment of the natural value of psammophilous grasslands 20 years after the establishment of Kózki nature reserve (mazowieckie voivodship). The phytosociological survey results were compared with the archive survey results available in the nature reserve’s documentation. There were noted some significant changes in the species composition of plant communities. The assessment of natural values of psammophilous grasslands confirmed the occurrence a simplified form of the Corynephoro-Silenetum tataricae association – priority habitats for protection, the presence of 6 dry grassland indicator species, one endangered species (Carex praecox) and one plant species (Helichrysum arenarium) under legal protection was determined. |
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K. Wolski,
M. Talar-Krasa,
A. Dradrach,
M. Szymura,
M. Biernacik,
S. Świerszcz |
Ocena użytkowa murawy piłkarskiej na przykładzie KŚ AZS we Wrocławiu
The assessment of usable features of football pitch turf on the example of KS AZS Wrocław
Abstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility as well as visual and functional characteristics of intensively exploited football pitch, with consideration of the impact of used pratotechnics. In the assessment of the football turf fundamental traits according to the COBORU methodology, in the tested multi-year period the best results were obtained during the spring measurements. Overall aspect of turf as well as sodding level was defined as a good to very good. Turf color was natural between light green, and bluish, however the color of turf on the playing field, was not monochromatic. The turfgrass was characterized by a very low susceptibility to diseases. The range of the grasses root system of in different parts of the field remained at a low level. The grass tillering proceeded best during the spring. |
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J. Zarzycki,
A. Misztal |
Zmiany składu gatunkowego łąki górskiej i cech funkcjonalnych roślin spowodowane różnymi sposobami ekstensywnego użytkowania i nawożenia
Changes in species composition and functional plant traits of mountain grassland caused by different ways of extensive management
Abstract. Maintaining high biodiversity in mountainous areas requires the existence of semi-natural grassland communities. In a seven-year experiment we evaluated the impact of different extensive types of management and abandonment of use on botanical composition of sward and functional traits of plant species. Regular mowing was the main factor differentiating the species composition. Also in terms of functional traits the greatest differences occurred between the harvested and not harvested plots. Uncut plots were characterized by a higher proportion of geophytes and species reproducing vegetatively. Date of mowing or fertilizer application had much smaller effect. |
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W. Zielewicz,
D. Swędrzyńska,
A. Swędrzyński |
Wpływ zróżnicowanych dawek polepszacza glebowego Soleflor i nawozów mineralnych na skład botaniczny i plonowanie runi trawiasto-bobowatej
The effect of different doses of Soleflor soil improver and mineral fertilizers on botanical composition and yielding of grass-legume sward
Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of soil improver Soleflor used in sowing mixture of grass-legumes Country 2006 DSV on botanical composition of the sward, leaf greenness index of white clover and yields. Research on the effects of different doses and frequency of application Soleflor soil conditioner and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers was conducted in 2012–2014 at the Experimental Station of Department of Grassland Natural Landscape Sciences in Brody University of Life Sciences in Poznań. The use of soil conditioner Soleflor increased on the share in the sward of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. A soil improver influenced on the higher percentage and durability of timothy grass and white clover in the sward. The highest SPAD index values in white clover leaf blades were found after the application along with a standard NPK fertilizer and soil conditioner Soleflor in doses of 400 and 600 kg ha–1. |
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