| Autor |
Tytuł pracy |
Pełny tekst |
J. Alberski,
J. Pawluczuk,
M. Olszewska,
A. Bałuch-Małecka |
Zmiany w liczebności gatunków roślin w runi kompleksu Łąk Warkalsko-Trojańskich a właściwości gleb organicznych
Changes in the numbers of plant species in the meadow sward in terms of properties of organic soils
Abstract. The objective of this study, conducted in 2009–2014, was to describe the species composition of meadow communities and to determine changes in grassland vegetation after five years of extensive use for agricultural purposes. The meadows analyzed in the study are located on a former peatland of lacustrine origin, which covers an area of 746 ha and features alluvial-muck soils, muck-peat soils and muck soils developed from low-moor peat. In the research site, grasslands are used extensively and are usually mown once a year. In 2009 and after five years of extensive use, data were collected in the same 48 relevés, according to the Braun-Blanquet method. In 2009 and 2014 year 12 soil samples were collected at a depth of 5–15 cm to determine selected physical and chemical properties of soil. Analysis based on phytosociological data, performed after five years of extensive use, revealed adverse changes in the species composition of grasslands.
|
 |
A. Bałuch-Małecka,
M. Olszewska,
J. Alberski,
M.A. Fenyk |
Wzrost i rozwój Spartina pectinata w warunkach klimatycznych Pojezierza Olsztyńskiego
The growth and development of Spartina pectinata under the climatic conditions of the Olsztyn Lakeland
Abstract. A field experiment was conducted in spring of 2007 in the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałdy, owned by the University of Warmia and Mazury (NE Poland). The experiment had a completely randomized design with four replications. Plot size was 20 m2. Forty seedlings of prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link.) were grown per plot, at the density of 2 plant per m2 respectively. The experiment was established on mineral soil (sandy silt) of quality class IVa. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of climatic conditions in the Olsztyn Lakeland on the growth and development of introduced species of C4 grasses. |
|
B. Borawska-Jarmułowicz,
G. Mastalerczuk,
M. Janicka |
Ocena cech biologicznych oraz plonowania wybranych odmian Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis i Phleum pratense w siewach czystych i mieszankach
Evaluation of biological characteristics and yield of selected varieties of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis and Phleum pratense in pure stands and mixtures
Abstract. The aim of this study was to estimate yielding of varieties of some tall grass species in pure stands and two meadow mixtures differentiated in earliness. Three cuts were made. The first one was made in full of heading phase, in pure stands – of individual varieties and in mixtures – of varieties dominated in sward. Cover, growth rate of sward height, contribution of generative shoots, their number and mass in the first cut, annual DM yield and R/S ratio (root/shoot) was evaluated. In pure stands the yield varied most among varieties of F. pratensis and Phl. pratense but least – with D. glomerata. The results show that yield of the early mixture was better irrespective of re-growth. In early mixture dominated D. glomerata var. Amera while F. pratensis var. Pasja in mid-early mixture.
|
|
P. Brągiel,
Cz. Trąba,
K. Rogut,
P. Wolański |
Zróżnicowanie łąk zespołu Arrhenatheretum elatioris objętych programem rolnośrodowiskowym na Pogórzu Bukowskim
Differentiation of meadows belonging to Arrhenatheretum elatioris association included in the environmental management scheme in the area of Bukowskie Foothills
Abstract. Nature and utility characteristics of meadows representing the Arrhenatheretum elatioris association in the area of Bukowskie Foothills, southern Poland (Patria mountain peak) was conducted. The area has been included in the environmental management scheme. The base material were phytosociological relevés taken with the Braun-Blanquet method, laboratory analyses of soil, as well as individual climatic and edaphic factors which were estimated with Ellenberg phytoindication method. The Arrhenatheretum elatioris association was distinguished with its two variants and five sub-variants. |
|
H. Czyż,
T. Kitczak,
M. Szuleta |
Charakterystyka słonaw na obszarach przymorskich na przykładzie Wyspy Chrząszczewskiej
Characteristics of halophytes in littoral areas on the example of Chrząszczewska Island
Abstract. When conducting studies on the salt pans of Chrząszczewska Island, the following floristic types were found: Juncus gerardi with Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis palustris with Agrostis stolonifera, Juncus gerardi, Agrostis stolonifera. The general range of occurrence of halophytes was marked by Juncus gerardi, other species of halophytes were the following: Aster tripolium, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Glaux martima, Plantago maritima, Puccinellia distans, Spergularia salina, Trifolium fragiferum, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustris. Plant communities with the participation of halophytes were characterised by natural values – from moderately high to unique with high utilitarian value – from poor to mediocre. The biomass of the analysed halophytes was characterised by low content of protein, macro- and microelements with reference to values recommended for good fodder. |
|
| J. Daszkiewicz |
Metody badań nad wykorzystaniem zasobów środowiskowych przez zwierzęta i ich zastosowanie w łąkarstwie
The research methods in environmental resources use by animals and their application in grassland sciences
Abstract. Aims of this review study was an analysis of methods of environmental resources utilization by animals and synthesis of this methods applications examples in grassland sciences. Studies about animal-habitat evolved from percentage description of habitat resources utilization to selectivity indices and linear models. Except resources availability and utilization, this analyses allows to conclude about animal’s selectivity and preference, and they could be used as a tool in studies about grassland management and environmental protection. Also, this studies can exploit number of research entities and subjects. This causes, that analyses of animal’s resources utilization can be applied in grassland sciences. |
|
B. Golińska,
M. Czerwiński,
P. Goliński |
Produkcyjność użytków zielonych w Wielkopolsce w aspekcie zmian warunków pogodowych w ostatnim 30-leciu
Productivity of grasslands in Wielkopolska in terms of weather conditions changes in the last 30 years
Abstract. In this paper the analysis of the effects of climatic changes on the productivity of permanent grasslands in Wielkopolska province in the last 30 years was performed. The weather data was obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, and grassland productivity data, that referred to the yield of meadow hay, was sourced from the publications by the Central Statistical Office. Climatic trends in 1985–2014 were determined using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Linear regression was used for the analysis of the effect of climatic trends on grassland productivity in Wielkopolska. Statistically significant rise of mean yearly air temperature and mean reference evapotranspiration was evidenced for the whole area of Wielkopolska except for its northern part. The significant SPEI trends indicate that soil moisture conditions in January, February and May were improving, whereas in April, November and December were deteriorating. No significant effect of the SPEI trends on grassland productivity in Wielkopolska was found. |
|
M. Grzelak,
S. Janyszek,
M. Murawski,
A. Knioła |
Różnorodność florystyczna i walory przyrodnicze eutroficznego śródpolnego oczka wodnego
The floristic diversity and natural values of a eutrophic midfield waterhole
Abstract. The research of midfield waterhole (N:52°57’06” E:17°17’80”) with an area of 1.7 hectares, was conducted in 2011 and 2012. It’s no outlet cavity, naturally and valuable natural recycle field, adjacent fields, on the border of Gołańcz city, near the Tomczyce village. It’s also a unique eutrophic habitat, which measure the water reservoir is dominated by pleuston vegetation, with a low proportion of nymfeids, with floating leaves, submerged and emergent plant zone. There is a complex of Salicetum pentandro-cinereae scrubs and woodlots with rich nitrophilous groundcover around the waterhole. |
|
M. Janicka,
B. Borawska-Jarmułowicz,
G. Mastalerczuk |
Kształtowanie się biomasy oraz plonowanie wybranych odmian traw niskich w siewie czystym i w mieszankach
Biomass formation and yielding of selected cultivars of the low grasses in pure stand and in the mixtures
Abstract. The aim of the study was estimation of some morphological and biological features and yielding of seven grass cultivars sown for fodder production on grassland. The objects of the study were cultivars of three low-growing grass species: Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis i Festuca rubra. The cultivars were evaluated in the next four years of utilization. Tillers density, growth rate of sward, earliness, yielding and yield structure of the first regrowth in pure stands and in two mixtures were evaluated. In the sowing year and in the third year of full utilization the underground biomass in the topsoil was also determined. The L. perenne cultivars were ranked, in terms of their earliness, in the following order: Naki (early), Diament and Gagat (mid-early), Bajka (late). It was found that L. perenne cv. Bajka was characterised by a greater tolerance to changing weather conditions (drought and frost) compared to other cultivars of that species. Among P. pratensis cvs., Eska-46 revealed more favorable features. |
|
P. Kacorzyk,
M. Kasperczyk |
Struktura plonu biomasy wybranych traw na wałach przeciwpowodziowych
The structure of the crop biomass of selected grass from river dikes
Abstract. Currently, farmers are little interested to possibility of obtaining forage from river dikes. Therefore, expectations about the such as growing vegetation was changed. According to this situation vegetation growing on the river dikes should: create a small biomass above-ground, have deep root system, well-developed horizontally and well ground coverage. In order to evaluation of usefulness of the most common grass on the river dikes to keep them in a good shape, evaluated the size of the regenerative stem in relation to the biological yield. From the assessed grass species Festuca rubra was to the best to ground coverage of river dikes. This grass created a small yield, dense turf and an extensive root system. |
|
A. Klarzyńska,
Ł. Maćkowiak,
A. Kryszak,
J. Kryszak |
Zastosowanie metody fitosocjologicznej w wieloaspektowej waloryzacji terenu oraz jej wizualizacja technologią GIS
Implementation of a phytosociological method in a multi-aspect valorisation of an area with the visualization of the results with GIS technology
Abstract. The paper presents possibilities of the implementation of a classic method of phytosociological relevés in the elaboration of a multi-aspect valorisation of an area, and emphasizes the validity of the implementation of GIS technology as a means for presentation of the results if these assessments. The analysis of phytosociological results allows for the evaluation of current state and diversity of flora in a given area; furthermore, it allows for the determination of changes occurring in the whole ecosystems through the determination of changeability of habitat conditions and, on that basis, the assessment of area’s suitability for different purposes such as nature’s protection, as well as the possibilities of farm and tourist utilization of the area. Whereas, GIS technologies facilitate an analysis of the research material and allow for the visualization of the results, owing to which, the process of drawing conclusions and making forecasts of changes taking place in ecosystems is easier. |
|
M. Kopacz,
S. Twardy |
Wpływ użytkowania pastwisk górskich na stan jakościowy wód powierzchniowych
Effect of utilization of mountain pastures on of surface water quality status
Abstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate of surface water quality on the background of changes in the permanent grassland use and stocking rate. The study was conducted in two Carpathian basins – the upper Dunajec in Kroscienko and the upper Raba in Dobczyce. The structure of grassland and stocking rate data was collected. The value of load of nitrogen and phosphorus was estimated. The surface water quality measured from its own monitoring carried out in several hydrometric sections, and also from data WIOŚ Krakow. We noticed an improvement of surface water quality in terms of concentration of the most important nutrient. In the upper Dunajec catchment average concentration of ammonia nitrogen decreased since the 80s from 0.4–0.6 to about 0.1 mg dm–3, while nitrate nitrogen – from 1.5–2.0 to 0.5–1.0 mg dm–3. Phosphate ions decreased by an average of 25%. |
|
K. Kulik-Knapik,
W. Bąba,
A. Kompała-Bąba |
Trawy w zbiorowiskach siedlisk ruderalnych Wyżyny Śląskiej
Grasses in the communities of ruderal habitats occurring in the Silesian Uplands
Abstract. The aim of the studies, which were conducted in ruderal habitats of the Silesian Uplands was: to show the share of grasses in the floristic composition and structure of the distinguished vegetation units and the influence of some grasses on the diversity of ruderal vegetation. 2227 phytosociological relevés were made in the field in order to show the diversity of vegetation of ruderal habitats. For each grass species its percentage frequency in a given vegetation unit was calculated. 54 mostly native grass species were found in the 26 recorded plant communities. Calamagrostis epigejos, Elymus repens, Poa compressa, Lolium perenne, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Poa pratensis and P. palustris occurred the most frequently (in more than 450 phytosociological relevés, and at least in 23 plant communities). Most grasses did not create their own communities but they were frequent components of the communities of ruderal habitats. From 6 (Festuca ovina-Silene vulgaris community, Chamaenerion palustre community) to 17 (Tussilago farfara community, Potentilletum anserinae community) grass species occurred with frequency more than 10% in examined vegetation units. The increase in abundance of some grass species (e.g. Calamagrostis epigejos) had influence on species diversity of patches measured by Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness, species richness, and number and abundance of species character to some classes.
|
|
G. Mastalerczuk,
B. Borawska-Jarmułowicz,
M. Janicka |
Zmienność cech wartości użytkowej wybranych gatunków i odmian traw stosowanych na trawniki rekreacyjne
Variability of utility value of selected species and varieties of grasses applied for recreational lawns
Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of traits of lawn varieties of grasses applied for recreational lawns. The objects of the research were lawn varieties of Kentucky bluegrass, red fescue and perennial ryegrass. Aesthetic aspect, cover, leaf fineness and colour, roots density, regrowth intensity and synthetic evaluation index of studied varieties were evaluated. Perennial ryegrass distinguished by better general aspect and cover than other varieties. The best of leaf fineness with dark green colour had red fescue, whereas Kentucky bluegrass varieties were characterised by the slow rate of regrowth. |
|
A. Paszkowski,
B. Golińska,
P. Goliński |
Zioła łąkowe jako składnik mieszanek na użytki zielone w świetle badawczym i aplikacyjnym
Meadow herbs as a component of mixtures for grassland in the light of research and application
Abstract. The aim of this paper was to gather information about the herb species that are used in composition of seed mixtures for establishment or renovation of multi-species sward, particularly pastures. Multi-species pastures can be an alternative for traditional simplified mixtures composed by grasses or grasses with few legumes that are typical for European grasslands, but can have some disadvantages in unfavorable environment and habitat conditions. The study contains an analysis of actual lists of varieties eligible for seed certification and plant breeding company offers. Furthermore study contains an overview of the foreign and domestic literature on the use of multi-species swards in forage production.
|
|
K. Ryś,
K. Radecka,
A. Kompała-Bąba |
Zbiorowiska z dominującym udziałem traw występujące na nieużytkach powstałych w wyniku przerobu rud cynkowo-ołowiowych
The plant communities dominated by grasses recorded on wastelands connected with processing of lead and zinc ores
Abstract. Studies aimed to show the diversity of vegetation of flotation settlings with dominance of grasses, as well as to show habitat preferences of species. The floristic composition of those communities is mostly based on a dominance of one species such as Arrhenatherum elatius, Agrostis capillaris, Molinia caerulea, Festuca arundinacea, F. rubra, Calamagrostis epigejos, Deschampsia caespitosa, Solidago gigantea, Melilotus alba. From 3 to 13 grass species occurred in recorded plant communities. Their share in coverage of vegetation reached from 11% to 90%. The more species diverse were communities dominated by such grasses: Festuca arundinacea (H = 2,03), Deschampsia caespitosa (H = 2,07), Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra (H = 2,01) and the low diverse with higher share of Phragmites australis (H = 0,83). |
|
| P. Stypiński |
Trawy w życiu człowieka
Grasses in human live
Abstract. The goal of this work was to determinate importance of grass species in different aspect of human live. This article has been prepared on the base wide literature review and showed the many opportunities of grasses as a source of food for human being, forages for domestic and wild animals, bioenergy production. Grass species are also important in human and veterinary medicine, could be used in wastes and sewage cleaning, environmental conservation, landscape planning and management, tourist and recreation men activity and very often they are inspiration and important part of human culture.
|
|
S. Twardy,
M. Kopacz |
Analiza zmienności runi pastwisk małopienińskich w wyniku wieloletniego użytkowania
Analysis of sward variability of pasture in Little Pieniny region as a result of multiyear utilization
Abstract. The elaboration focuses on floristic transformations on abandoned and self-sodding arable lands. This process created sward, initially with a large participation of synanthropic dicot plants, was transformed under the land use. Changes in floristic composition were mainly caused by animals, especially grazing in “non-stop” system (non-shed system), yet treatments including removing weeds as well as mineral and organic fertilization were also favourable. Floristic composition of the sward was diversified by other orographic factors, especially elevation above sea level and slope exposure. Presented results of the research are focused on the area of Grajcarek stream basin, in which the valley is the border between Małe Pieniny and Pasmo Radziejowej in Beskid Sądecki. This publication included synthesis of results from 1960–2015. It concerns floristic and spatial changes including mainly transformations occurring within sward cover. Variability of floristic composition of the plant cover is shown in tables and diagrams from selected years at three altitude zones (1. <680 m 2. 680–800 m 3. >800 m above sea level) and two opposite slope exposure (N–S). The occurring changes were also specified in form of numbers with application of classification of utility value of the sward (Lwu) by Filipek (1973). Analysis showed that despite diversified intensity of the land use and reduced treatment, especially fertilization, the quality status of the sward was gradually improved. During the mentioned period of time larger participation of high-valuable Poaceae species was registered while dicot plants were found in smaller amount. As the result, the general utility value of grass biomass was increased. In addition, larger and more beneficial diversity was found on slopes N than slopes S. |
|
J. Zarzycki,
E. Zając |
Trawy w zbiorowiskach roślinnych na zrekultywowanych osadnikach posodowych byłych Krakowskich Zakładów Sodowych Solvay
Grasses in vegetation of reclaimed soda waste dumps of former Kraków Solvay Soda Plants
Abstract. The aim of the study was to analyse the occurrence of grass species on the reclaimed soda waste dumps of former KZS Solvay in Kraków. They were reclaimed with a topsoil in 1995 and left without further treatment. A total of 132 plots were selected using the systematic method to determine some physical and chemical parameters of topsoil mineral material and assesse plant composition. Altogether 17 grass species was recorded. The most frequent and with the highest coverage coefficient were ruderal species: wood small-reed (Calamagrostis epigejos) and quack grass (Elymus repens). In order to reduce their occurrence and promote meadow species mowing and removal of biomass would be needed. |
|
| |
Lista recenzentów |
|
